The Urinary System
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| The functional unit of the kidney that filters blood and forms urine is the? | show 🗑
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| show | afferent
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| The process that removes ions such as potassium and hydrogen from the blood and places them into the nephron for removal from the body as urine is known as? | show 🗑
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| Filtrate contains everything in blood plasma EXCEPT for? | show 🗑
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| The tube connecting each kidney to the urinary bladder is the? | show 🗑
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| The smooth triangular region of the urinary bladder base that is outlined by the openings of the two ureters and the urethra is called the? | show 🗑
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| The inability to voluntarily control the external urethral sphincter is known as? | show 🗑
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| The process of emptying the urinary bladder is known as voiding or? | show 🗑
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| show | intracellular fluid or ICF
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| The hormone released by the posterior pituitary to prevent excessive water loss in the urine is? | show 🗑
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| Arterial blood pH above 7.45 is considered to be? | show 🗑
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| show | bicarbonate; hydrogen
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| show | hydrogen
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| show | (1) remove metabolic wastes from blood & excrete outside body.
(2) help control rate of RBC formation by secreting erythropoietin..
(3) help regulate blood pressure via release of renin.
(4) help regulate the volume, composition & pH of body fluids.
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| Which organ filters blood, regulates blood volume and chemical makeup? | show 🗑
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| The triangular medullary regions of the kidneys that are striped in appearance and separated by renal columns are the? | show 🗑
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| The capillary bed surrounding the renal tubule is the? | show 🗑
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| show | proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule
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| The portion of the renal tubule closest to the glomerulus is the? | show 🗑
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| In one 24-hour period, the kidneys of an average-sized healthy adult filter approximately _________ through their glomeruli into the tubules. | show 🗑
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| In males, the urethra is part of both the urinary system and? | show 🗑
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| show | urethra
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| What type of epithelium tissue allows the urinary bladder to expand as urine accumulates within it? | show 🗑
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| show | this is called bilirubinuria, a liver pathology such as hepatitis, cirrhosis or bile duct blockage
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| show | urea
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| show | filtration
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| Of the two capillary beds associated with each nephron, the one that is both fed an drained by arterioles is the? | show 🗑
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| show | cortex
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| show | within living cells
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| show | aldosterone
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| The chemical buffer system that includes carbonic acid and its salt, which ties up the H+ released by strong acids, is called the? | show 🗑
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| Which system removes excess carbon dioxide from the blood? | show 🗑
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| Which of the following substances is NOT secreted at any point into the renal tubules? | show 🗑
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| What makes up the filtration barrier? | show 🗑
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| show | reabsorption
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| show | vasa recta
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| After fluid passes through the entire proximal tubule, the fluid will enter the? | show 🗑
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| What two structures make up the renal corpuscle? | show 🗑
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| show | ureter; urethra
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| show | volume; composition
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| show | it excretes hydrogen ions into the urine and reabsorbs bicarbonate
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| What happens to the detrusor muscle, internal and external urethral sphincter during micturition? | show 🗑
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| Epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule that form part of the filtration barrier are called? | show 🗑
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| show | sodium
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| show | by loss of gastric secretions, which are rich in hydrochloric acid (HCI)
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| show | ingested liquids and solid foods
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| show | production of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid
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| How might heavy exercise cause metabolic acidosis? | show 🗑
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| show | minimize the change in pH when base or acid is added to the solution
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| show | a person's breathing is shallow due to obstruction
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| Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a hormone that is made in the atria of the heart. The influence of this hormone is to? | show 🗑
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| show | result in a temporary increase in blood volume
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| show | osmosis moves water from the intracellular fluid (ICF) to the extracellular fluid (ECF)
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| show | potassium
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| Substances that can carry electrical current across cell membranes are called? | show 🗑
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| Intracellular fluid (ICF) is found only within? | show 🗑
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| show | kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
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| How is the kidney involved with normal bone ossification and development? (Think of mineral needed for bone ossification) | show 🗑
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| If the thyroid and parathyroid glands are surgically removed, which of the following would go out of balance without replacement therapy? | show 🗑
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| A falling blood pH and a rising partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to pneumonia or emphysema indicates? | show 🗑
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| show | respiratory alkalosis
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| show | (1) kidneys-filter blood & make urine
(2) ureters-carry urine from kidney to urinary bladder
(3) urinary bladder-temporarily stores & releases urine
(4) urethra-carry urine from the bladder to urinary orifice
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| show | Reabsorption-body reclaims substances within the filtrate it wants to keep. Secretion-H+, K+, and creatine are removed from peritubluar capillaries into tubules to be eliminated in urine.
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| show | excreting excess albumin molecules
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| A glomerulus is? | show 🗑
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| Urine is eliminated through the? | show 🗑
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| The urinary system regulates blood volume and pressure by? | show 🗑
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| show | calculi
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| show | trigone
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| In the process of ________ two substances are moved across a cell membrane in the same direction without directly using cellular energy. One of the substances can be moved against a concentration gradient by this process. | show 🗑
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| The process of _________ involves a carrier protein that can transport a molecule across the cell membrane down its concentration gradient. | show 🗑
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| The amount of filtrate produced by the kidneys each minute is called the? | show 🗑
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| Which of the following organ systems excretes wastes to some degree EXCEPT the _________ system. | show 🗑
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| Changes that occur in the urinary system with aging include all of the following EXCEPT? | show 🗑
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| show | renal failure
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| Which hormone stimulates the thirst mechanism? | show 🗑
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| show | RBCs
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| Which of the following will stimulate thirst? | show 🗑
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| Which hormone MOST affects the osmolarity of blood? | show 🗑
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| Which hormone(s) is released by heart muscle in response to excessive chamber volume? | show 🗑
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| show | potassium ions
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| show | parathyroid hormone
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| show | consequence of prolonged vomitting
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