Mr G
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| deoxygenated blood enters the heart through | superior and inferior vena cava
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| which chamber does the blood pool into once it enters the heart | right atrium
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| what does the blood pass through to get from the right atrium to the right ventricle | tricuspid valve
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| blood is pumped from the right ventricle through which valve | pulmonary semi lunar valve
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| the blood moves from the pulmonary semi lunar valve into what | pulmonary arteries
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| from the pulmonary arteries the blood enters what | the lungs
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| oxygenated blood travels from the lungs back to the heart through what | pulmonary veins
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| which chamber does the oxygenated blood enter from the pulmonary veins | left atrium
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| what does the blood pass through to get from the left atrium to the left ventricle | bicuspid or mitral valve
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| blood passes from the left ventricle through which valve | aortic semi lunar valve
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| the blood moves from the aortic semi lunar valve into what | aorta
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| where does the blood travel to from the aorta | to the rest of the body
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| systemic circulation | when oxygenated blood travels from the heart throughout the body and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart
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| pulmonary cirulation | when deoxygenated blood is carried away from the heart to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood back to the heart
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| myocardium | thick muscular tissue of the heart
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| endocardium | innermost layer of tissue that lines the chambers of the heart
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| pericardium | outermost layer of the heart (contains the epicardium)
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| where is the heart located | mediastinum
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| what are the holding and receiving chambers of the heart | atriums
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| what are the pumping chambers of the heart | ventricles
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| coronary circulation | circulation of oxygen rich blood blood to the myocardium via the coronary arteries - the right coronary arteries supply blood to the right side of the heart and left supplies to the left side
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| why is the left side of the heart bigger | because it pumps blood to most of the body (right side only pumps to the lungs)
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| RCA | right coronary artery
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| what does the RCA do | divides the right marginal artery and posterior descending artery - PDA or PIV - delivers blood to right side of heart, bottom portion of ventricles and back of septum
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| what does the LCA do | supplies blood to left side of heart and front of septum (LAD/LCX)
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| LCA | left coronary artery
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| blockage of the LCX and part of LAD are referred as the | "widow maker"
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| collateral circulation | network of tiny blood vessels that only open in a crisis situation
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| coronary arteries feed what | the heart wall
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| coronary veins do what | carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart wall and empty into the coronary sinus or sucius
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| how long is a cardiac cycle | one minute
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| cardiac output | volume of blood pumped by one ventricle in one minute
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| what is the primary pace maker of the heart | SA node
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| heart rate of SA node | 60-100bpm
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| heart rate of AV node | 40-60bpm
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| heart rate of purkinje fibers | 20-40bpm
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| two types of myocardial cells | electrical and mechanical (electrical precedes mechanical)
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| polarization | heart is in the rest state or refractory period (baseline)
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| refractory period | time period when myocardial cell cannot respond to stimulus
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| depolarization | when myocardial cells are contracting - systole
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| repolarization | when mycardial cells are returning back to resting state - diastole
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| automaticity | myocardial cells can initiate and maintain rhythmic impulse without neurological supply
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| excitability | mycardial cells respond to impulse and react
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| conductivity | mycardial cells relay the impulse to a neighboring cell
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| contracility | myocardial cells contract and pump blood
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| steps of cardiac conduction system | SA node-atrial depolarization-AV node-Bundle of HIS-R&L bundle branch-purkinjie fibers-ventricular depolarization-ventricular repolarization
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| normal bp | less than 120/less than 80
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| prehypertension | 120-139/80-89
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| hypertension - stage I | 140-159/90-99
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| hypertension - stage II | 160+/100+
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| hypertension crisis | >180/>110
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| hypertension drug classes | ACE Inhibitors, Beta Blockers, Diuretics, ARBS, Calcium Channel Blockers
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| diuretics | remove water and sodium from body - reduces pressure on vessel walls - HCTZ
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| ACE Inhibitors | decreases production of angiotensin II - "pril's"
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| Beta Blockers | block norepinephrine and epinephrine and reduce heart rate - "lol's"
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| ARBS | stops the binding of angiotensin II - "sartan's"
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| Calcium Channel Blockers | prevents calcium from entering cells of heart and blood vessel walls - increase supply of blood and O2 to the heart - "pine's" & diltiazem
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| AAA | abdominal aortic aneurysm - enlarged area of lower part of aorta - weakened wall. S&S=abd pain and pulsating
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| ACS | acute coronary syndrome - myocardial infarction/heart attack. S&S=pain in jaw, arm, chest, SOB
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| AS | aortic stenosis - when aoritic valve narrows and restricts blood flow from left ventricle to aorta. S&S=fainting & fatigue
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| arterioscleriotic heart disease | ASHD - thickening and hardening of walls of coronary arteries - leads to CAD. S&S=mini strokes, ischemic attacks
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| artherosclerosis heart disease | ASHD - hardening and narrowing of arteries - most common in legs
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| CAD | coronary artery disease - accumulation of fatty deposits along innermost layer of coronary arteries. S&S=chest pain, light headedness, SOB
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| CHF | congestive heart failure - heart muscle doesn't pump blood as needed (EKG)
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| JVD | jugular venous distention (superior vena cava) - increase blood volume - interferes with filing of right atrium (on right side)
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| MR | mitral regurgitation - leakage of blood backward through the mitral valve when left ventricle contracts
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| MVP | mitral valve prolapse - when mitral valves do not close smoothly - leads to MR
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| PAD | peripheral artery disease - narrowing of peripheral arteries to legs, stomach, arms and head - associated with artherosclerotic heart disease aka PVD (claudication)
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| PVD | peripheral vascular disease - blood circulation disorder that cause blood vessels to narrow aka PAD
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| SBE | subacute bacterial endocarditis - cause by a type of bacteria that occurs on damaged valves - fatal within 6 wks-1 year if untreated - rheumatic fever caused by strep throat
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| VSD | ventricular septal defect - hole in spetum between ventricles - mainly affects children
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| CABG | coronary artery bypass graft - type of surgery that improves blood flow to the heart
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| AICD | automatic implantable cardioverter defibrilator - device place in chest or abdomen to help treat arrhythmias (V-Tach & V-Fib)
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| P-wave | Atrial depolarization
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| T-wave | Ventricular repolarization
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| QRS wave | Ventricular depolarization
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| QRS duration | How long it takes for ventricular contraction to occur - range= .04-.12 sec
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| PRI | Travel time of electrical pulse from SA node to AV node
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| ST segment | Start of the "S" wave to end of "T" wave - time frame from depolarization to repolarization
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| sinus | large venous channel that pools deoxygenated blood into the R atrium
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| myocardial infarction | aka heart attack is caused by lack of oxygen (ischemia) and causes death to the muscle tissues
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