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Heart Stuff
Mr G
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| deoxygenated blood enters the heart through | superior and inferior vena cava |
| which chamber does the blood pool into once it enters the heart | right atrium |
| what does the blood pass through to get from the right atrium to the right ventricle | tricuspid valve |
| blood is pumped from the right ventricle through which valve | pulmonary semi lunar valve |
| the blood moves from the pulmonary semi lunar valve into what | pulmonary arteries |
| from the pulmonary arteries the blood enters what | the lungs |
| oxygenated blood travels from the lungs back to the heart through what | pulmonary veins |
| which chamber does the oxygenated blood enter from the pulmonary veins | left atrium |
| what does the blood pass through to get from the left atrium to the left ventricle | bicuspid or mitral valve |
| blood passes from the left ventricle through which valve | aortic semi lunar valve |
| the blood moves from the aortic semi lunar valve into what | aorta |
| where does the blood travel to from the aorta | to the rest of the body |
| systemic circulation | when oxygenated blood travels from the heart throughout the body and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart |
| pulmonary cirulation | when deoxygenated blood is carried away from the heart to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood back to the heart |
| myocardium | thick muscular tissue of the heart |
| endocardium | innermost layer of tissue that lines the chambers of the heart |
| pericardium | outermost layer of the heart (contains the epicardium) |
| where is the heart located | mediastinum |
| what are the holding and receiving chambers of the heart | atriums |
| what are the pumping chambers of the heart | ventricles |
| coronary circulation | circulation of oxygen rich blood blood to the myocardium via the coronary arteries - the right coronary arteries supply blood to the right side of the heart and left supplies to the left side |
| why is the left side of the heart bigger | because it pumps blood to most of the body (right side only pumps to the lungs) |
| RCA | right coronary artery |
| what does the RCA do | divides the right marginal artery and posterior descending artery - PDA or PIV - delivers blood to right side of heart, bottom portion of ventricles and back of septum |
| what does the LCA do | supplies blood to left side of heart and front of septum (LAD/LCX) |
| LCA | left coronary artery |
| blockage of the LCX and part of LAD are referred as the | "widow maker" |
| collateral circulation | network of tiny blood vessels that only open in a crisis situation |
| coronary arteries feed what | the heart wall |
| coronary veins do what | carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart wall and empty into the coronary sinus or sucius |
| how long is a cardiac cycle | one minute |
| cardiac output | volume of blood pumped by one ventricle in one minute |
| what is the primary pace maker of the heart | SA node |
| heart rate of SA node | 60-100bpm |
| heart rate of AV node | 40-60bpm |
| heart rate of purkinje fibers | 20-40bpm |
| two types of myocardial cells | electrical and mechanical (electrical precedes mechanical) |
| polarization | heart is in the rest state or refractory period (baseline) |
| refractory period | time period when myocardial cell cannot respond to stimulus |
| depolarization | when myocardial cells are contracting - systole |
| repolarization | when mycardial cells are returning back to resting state - diastole |
| automaticity | myocardial cells can initiate and maintain rhythmic impulse without neurological supply |
| excitability | mycardial cells respond to impulse and react |
| conductivity | mycardial cells relay the impulse to a neighboring cell |
| contracility | myocardial cells contract and pump blood |
| steps of cardiac conduction system | SA node-atrial depolarization-AV node-Bundle of HIS-R&L bundle branch-purkinjie fibers-ventricular depolarization-ventricular repolarization |
| normal bp | less than 120/less than 80 |
| prehypertension | 120-139/80-89 |
| hypertension - stage I | 140-159/90-99 |
| hypertension - stage II | 160+/100+ |
| hypertension crisis | >180/>110 |
| hypertension drug classes | ACE Inhibitors, Beta Blockers, Diuretics, ARBS, Calcium Channel Blockers |
| diuretics | remove water and sodium from body - reduces pressure on vessel walls - HCTZ |
| ACE Inhibitors | decreases production of angiotensin II - "pril's" |
| Beta Blockers | block norepinephrine and epinephrine and reduce heart rate - "lol's" |
| ARBS | stops the binding of angiotensin II - "sartan's" |
| Calcium Channel Blockers | prevents calcium from entering cells of heart and blood vessel walls - increase supply of blood and O2 to the heart - "pine's" & diltiazem |
| AAA | abdominal aortic aneurysm - enlarged area of lower part of aorta - weakened wall. S&S=abd pain and pulsating |
| ACS | acute coronary syndrome - myocardial infarction/heart attack. S&S=pain in jaw, arm, chest, SOB |
| AS | aortic stenosis - when aoritic valve narrows and restricts blood flow from left ventricle to aorta. S&S=fainting & fatigue |
| arterioscleriotic heart disease | ASHD - thickening and hardening of walls of coronary arteries - leads to CAD. S&S=mini strokes, ischemic attacks |
| artherosclerosis heart disease | ASHD - hardening and narrowing of arteries - most common in legs |
| CAD | coronary artery disease - accumulation of fatty deposits along innermost layer of coronary arteries. S&S=chest pain, light headedness, SOB |
| CHF | congestive heart failure - heart muscle doesn't pump blood as needed (EKG) |
| JVD | jugular venous distention (superior vena cava) - increase blood volume - interferes with filing of right atrium (on right side) |
| MR | mitral regurgitation - leakage of blood backward through the mitral valve when left ventricle contracts |
| MVP | mitral valve prolapse - when mitral valves do not close smoothly - leads to MR |
| PAD | peripheral artery disease - narrowing of peripheral arteries to legs, stomach, arms and head - associated with artherosclerotic heart disease aka PVD (claudication) |
| PVD | peripheral vascular disease - blood circulation disorder that cause blood vessels to narrow aka PAD |
| SBE | subacute bacterial endocarditis - cause by a type of bacteria that occurs on damaged valves - fatal within 6 wks-1 year if untreated - rheumatic fever caused by strep throat |
| VSD | ventricular septal defect - hole in spetum between ventricles - mainly affects children |
| CABG | coronary artery bypass graft - type of surgery that improves blood flow to the heart |
| AICD | automatic implantable cardioverter defibrilator - device place in chest or abdomen to help treat arrhythmias (V-Tach & V-Fib) |
| P-wave | Atrial depolarization |
| T-wave | Ventricular repolarization |
| QRS wave | Ventricular depolarization |
| QRS duration | How long it takes for ventricular contraction to occur - range= .04-.12 sec |
| PRI | Travel time of electrical pulse from SA node to AV node |
| ST segment | Start of the "S" wave to end of "T" wave - time frame from depolarization to repolarization |
| sinus | large venous channel that pools deoxygenated blood into the R atrium |
| myocardial infarction | aka heart attack is caused by lack of oxygen (ischemia) and causes death to the muscle tissues |
Created by:
gcjlentz
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