CMA110
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| Vital Signs | Includes temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure.
Signs of life.
Indication of one's health status.
Vita=Life
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| Temperature | Reflects the balance between heat loss and heat gain.
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| Fahrenheit | F=(Cx1.8)+32
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| Celcius | C=(F-32)/1.8
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| Temperature: Oral | 97-99 F
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| Temperature: Rectal | One degree higher (98-100)
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| Temperature: Axillary | One degree lower (96-98)
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| Febrile | Having a fever
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| Afebrile | Not having a fever
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| Lysis | Gradual return to normal
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| Crisis | Sudden return to normal
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| Oral | Sublingual (Tongue)
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| Aural | Tympanic Membrane (Ear)
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| Forehead | Temporal Artery
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| Pulse (P) | Represents the wave of alternating expansion and relaxation of the arterial walls with each contraction of the left ventricle.
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| P:Rate | 60-100min (Pulse)
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| P:Rhythm | Interval of time between beats
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| Radial | Wrist; thumb-side
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| Brachial | Medial fold of arm
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| Carotoid | Groove of neck
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| Popliteal | Posterior knee
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| Dorsalis Pedis | Superior foot
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| Apical | Left lateral chest, below nipple (by the heart)
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| Respiration (R) | Involves the exchange of respiratory gases: oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2)
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| External Respiration | Exchange of gases between the alveoli and capillaries.
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| Internal Respiration | Exchange of gases between the capillaries and cells.
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| R:Rate | Number of respirations per unit time
Beats per minute
12-20/min
Ratio 4:1
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| R:Rhythm | Interval of time between each respiration (Heart Beat)
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| R:Volume | Quantity of air respired.
Force of strength
Breath In
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| Rales | Moist, raspy, crackling sound due to bronchial secretions (rubbing hair together).
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| Rhonchus | Low-pitched vibrations/sounds, especially on exhalation, due to secretion accumulation.
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| Breathing Pattern-Orthopnea | Difficult when lying down
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| Breathing Pattern-Hypopnea | Decreased depth
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| Breathing Pattern-Tachypnea | Increased rate
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| Breathing Pattern-Bradypnea | Decreased rate
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| Breathing Pattern-Eupnea | Normal
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| Breathing Pattern-Dyspnea | Difficult, labored pain
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| Breathing Pattern-Apnea | Temporary cessation
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| Breathing Pattern-Hyperpnea | Increased depth
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| Pulse Oximetry | Noninvasive method to monitor the oxygenation of arterial hemoglobin.
Normal: SpO2=95-99%
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| Blood Pressure (BP) | Indirect measure of the force of pressure the blood exerts on arterial walls.
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| Systole | Force of pressure when the heart is contracting
(Top Number)
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| Diastole | Force of pressure when the heart is relaxed.
(Bottom Number)
mmHg
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| Normal Values | (Adult)
Blood Pressure Range=90/60-140/90
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| Sphygmomanometer | Instrument used to measure blood pressure
BP Cuff
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| P: Pulse Deficit | Difference between apical and radial pulse.
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| BP: Pulse Pressure | Difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure.
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| Stridor | Crowning sound upon inspiration-suggest upper airway obstruction
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| Stertor | Laborious, snore-like breathing caused by obstructions in upper respiratory tract.
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| Breathing Pattern-Hyperventilation | Increased rate and depth of breathing associated with anxiety
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| Cheyne-Strokes | Alternating periods of tachypnea/hypernea and apnea
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| P:Pulse Deficit | Difference between apical and radial pulse
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| Apical Pulse Procedure | Stethoscope to measure
Count for one minute
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| Femoral | Groin region
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| Temporal | Temple
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| Increased Rate | Fever
Aggitated
Acute Pain
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| Decreased Rate | Depression
Chronic Pain
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| Onset | Beginning of fever
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| Remittent | Elevated fluctuation not returning to normal
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