Chapter 12
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| Digestive system | Known as the gastrointestinal track
Digestive tract
Alimentary canal
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| Digestive system 30 feet long | Starts at mouth (oral cavity) end at anus
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| Functions | Prepares food for absorption into the blood stream
Prepares food for use by the body
Responsible for elimination of solid waste from the body
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| Oral cavity | Buccal cavity
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| Oral / Buccal cavitiy | Consists of :
Lips
Checks
Hard plate ( regae )
Soft plate
Uvula
Tongue
Principal organ of sense, taste,assists in chewing and swallowing
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| Chewing | Mastication
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| Swallowing | Deglutition
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| Salivary glands | Three pairs : parotid so
Submandibular and sublinguals
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| Salivary glands | Secrete saliva
Mostly water also contains mucus and digestive enzymes that aid in digestive process
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| Secrete saliva | Digestive enzymes are contained in saliva
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| Digestive amylase | AIDS in digestion of carbohydrates
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| Digestive lipase | Aides in digestion of fats
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| Pharynx | Throat
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| Throat | Serves as passageway for both respiratory and digestive systems
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| Oropharynx | Section of throat leading away from oral cavity
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| Nasopharynx | Behind nasal cavity
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| Laryngopharynx | Lower portion / opens to the esophagus and the larynx
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| Cheil/o | Lips
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| Esophagus | Receives food from the. Pharynx
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| Stomach contains | Fundus , body, pylorus , pyloric sphincter, Rugae ,
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| Stomach | Secretes pepsin and hydrochlorid acid for digestion
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| accessory organs for digestion | Pancreatic
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| Appendicitis | A tubed shaped sac attached to an opening into the lower end of the large intestine
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| Peritonitis | Inflammation of the peritoneum
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| Cholelithiasis | Abnormal presence of a stones in the gallbladder
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| Choledochocoltiase | Presence if stone in bile duct
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| Chyme | Liquid like material of partially digested food and secretions found in the
Stomach just before released into the duodenum
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| Gingivitis | Inflammation of the gums
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| Glycogenesis | Conversation of simple sugar ( glucose) into a complex form of sugar ( starch) for storage in the liver
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| Hematemesis | Vomiting of blood
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| Hernia | Irregular protrusion of skin organs or portion of any organ through an abnormal break in the surrounding cavitys muscular wall
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| Hyperemesis | Medical term for vomiting
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| Umbilical hernia | Protrusion of the intestine from the umbilicals due to abdominal wall weakness
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| Diverticulosis | Non-inflamed outpouchings or herniation of the muscular layer of the intestines ( sigmoid colon )
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| Diverticulitis | Inflammation of the outpouchings
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| Dyentery | A term used to describe painful intestinal inflammation caused by water / food containing bacteria, / Protozoa / parasites or chemical irritants ( diarrhea with blood)
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| Cholelithiasis /gallstones | Pigmented or hardening cholesterol stones formed by crystallization
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| Hiatal hernia | Diaphragmatic hernia / protrusion of stomach threw diaphragm due to enlarged cardiac sphincter
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| Umbilical hernia | Around the belly button
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| Dyphermatic. Hernia | Sx hernia
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| Ilieus | Obstruction of the intestines due to twisting. Of bowel
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| Intestinal obstruction | Complete. Or partial alteration in the forward flow of contents in small or large intestine ( no blood supply)
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| Oral leukoplakia | Precancerous lesions anywhere in the mouth
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| Pancreatitis | Destructive/ inflammatory condition of the pancreas
( big swollen tummy)
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| Icterus | Jaundice
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| Aphagia | Loss of ability to swallow
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| Peptic ulcers | Break in the continuity of the mucus membrane linning the gastrointestinal
Track result of hyper acidity or bacterium ( stomach ulcers)
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| Helicobacter pylori | Stomach ulcers
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| Neoplasma | Tumor / cancerous
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| ALT | SGPT
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| Panreas | Functions as exercise gland to manufacture digestive juices
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| Trypsin | Breaks down protein
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| Pancreatic lipase | Breaks down fats
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| Pancreatic amylase | Breaks down carbohydrates
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| Sodium bicarbonate | Neutralizes acidic stomach contents
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| Thrush | Fungal infection in mouth and throat
Creamy white slightly raised curd like patches
Caused by candida albicand
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| Crohn's disease | Digestive track inflammation of a chronic nature ( enteritis)
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| Diverticular disease | Consists of both diverticulitis and diverticulosis
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| Dental caries | Tooth decay caused by acid microorganism
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| Herpetic stomatitis | Infection or inflammation lesions in or around oral cavity
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| Intussusception | Telescoping a portion of the proximal intestines into distal intestines
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| Irritable bowel syndrome | Increased mobility of the small or large intestinal wall
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| Celiac disease | Nutrient malabsorption due to damaged small bowel mucosa because of gluten sensitivity
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| Achalasia | Decreased mobility of the lower two thirds of the esophagus sphincter
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| Dysentery | Term used to describe painful intestinal inflammation caused by water or food containing bacteria Protozoa parasites or chemical irritants
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| Hirschsprung's disease | Absence at birth of the autonomic ganglia in a segment of the intestinal
Smooth muscle wall that normally stimulates peristalsis
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| Hemorrhoid | An unnatural distended or swollen vein (called a varicosity) in the distal rectum or anus
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| Hepatitis | Acute or chronic inflammation of the liver due to a viral or bacterial infection drugs alcohol toxins or parasites
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| Colostomy | Surgical creation of an artificial abdominal wall anus by bringing the incised
Colon out to the abdominal surface
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| Gastric analysis | Study of the stomach content to determine the acid content and to detect
The presence of blood bacteria bile and abnormal cells
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| Abdominicentesis | Insertion of a needle or grocer into the peritoneal cavity to remove
Ascetic fluid with the person in a sitting position
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| Cirrhosis | A disease of the liver that is chronic and degenerative causing injury to
The hepatocytes
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| Digestive is also known as | Gastrointestinal track
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| Toungne contains | Papillar
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| Esophagus | Receives food from the pharynx
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| Appendicitis | Inflammation of the appendix
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| Inflammation peritoneum | Peritonitis
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| Cholelithiasis | Stones in gallbladder
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| Pre dense of stone in idle duct | Choledochocltise
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| Gycogenesis | Liver turning sugar into glulcose
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| Protection of stomach through diaphragm/sphincter | Hiatal hernia / also diaphragmatic
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