Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or

show password
Forgot Password?

Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or

Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account.
Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.


Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.

Med Term CH2 Health and Disease

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
        Help!  

Term
Definition
aden/o   gland  
🗑
adip/o   fat  
🗑
anter/o   before, front  
🗑
caud/o   lower part of body, tail  
🗑
cephal/o   head  
🗑
cyt/o, -cyte   cell  
🗑
end-, endo-   in, within, inside  
🗑
exo-   outside of, outside, away from  
🗑
hist/o   tissue  
🗑
-ologist   specialist  
🗑
-ology   science or study of  
🗑
path/o, -pathy   disease, suffering, feeling, emotion  
🗑
plas/i, plas/o, -plasia   development, growth, formation  
🗑
poster/o   behind, toward the back  
🗑
-stasis, -static   control, maintenance of a constant level  
🗑
anatomy   study of the structures of the body  
🗑
physiology   study of the functions of the structures of hte body  
🗑
physi   nature or physical  
🗑
anatomic position   body standing in standard position: upright and facing forward, arms @ sides w/ palms facing front.  
🗑
body planes   imaginary vertical and horizontal lines used to divide body into sections for descriptive purposes  
🗑
vertical plane   an up-and-down plane that is at a right angle to the horizon. Sagittal, midsagittal, frontal  
🗑
horizontal plane   a flat, crosswise plane, like horizon. Transverse  
🗑
sagittal plane   vertical plane that divides body into unequal L and R portions  
🗑
midsagittal plane   vertical plane, aka midline, divides body into equal L & R halves  
🗑
frontal plane   vertical plane that divides body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions. Aka coronal plane  
🗑
transverse plane   horizontal plane that divides body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions. @ waist or any other level  
🗑
ventral   front, or belly side, of an organ or body - opposite of dorsal  
🗑
ventr   belly side of body  
🗑
dorsal   back of an organ or body - opposite of ventral  
🗑
cephalic   toward head  
🗑
caudal   toward feet  
🗑
anterior   situated in the front or front or forward part of an organ - opposite of posterior  
🗑
anter   front or before  
🗑
-ior   pertaining to  
🗑
posterior   situated in the back or back part of an organ - opposite of anterior  
🗑
poster   back or toward back  
🗑
superior   uppermost, above, or toward the head - opposite of inferior  
🗑
inferior   lowermost, below, or toward feet - opposite of superior  
🗑
cephal   head  
🗑
caud   tail or lower part of body  
🗑
proximal   situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure - opposite of distal  
🗑
distal   situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure - opposite of proximal  
🗑
medial   direction toward, or nearer, the midline - opposite of lateral  
🗑
lateral   direction toward, or nearer, the side of the body, away from the midline - opposite of medial  
🗑
body cavities   2 major spaces w/in body that contain and protect internal organs - dorsal (back) and ventral (front)  
🗑
dorsal cavity   located along back of body and head, contains organs of nervous system that coordinate body functions. 2 portions: Cranial & Spinal  
🗑
cranial cavity   part of dorsal, located w/in skull, surrounds and protects brain.  
🗑
cranial   pertaining to the skull  
🗑
spinal cavity   part of dorsal, located w/in the spinal column, surrounds and protects the spinal cord.  
🗑
ventral cavity   located along the front of the body, contains body organs that sustain homeostatis. 3 portions: thoracic, abdominal, pelvic  
🗑
homeostasis   processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment  
🗑
home/o   contant  
🗑
-stasis   control  
🗑
thoracic cavity   part of ventral, aka chest cavity or thorax, surrounds and protects the heart and lungs.  
🗑
diaphragm   muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities  
🗑
abdominal cavity   contains major organs of digestion. aka abdomen  
🗑
pelvic cavity   space formed by hip bones and contains the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems  
🗑
abdominopelvic cavity   since no physical division btw the two, sometimes combined  
🗑
abdomin/o   abdomen  
🗑
pelv   pelvis  
🗑
inguinal   relating to the groin - entire lower area of abdomen  
🗑
groin   crease at the junction of the trunk w/ upper end of thigh  
🗑
regions of thorax and abdomen   Divides abdomen & lower thorax into 9 parts. RT & LT hypochondriac regions, epigastric region, RT & LT lumbar regions, umbilical region, RT & LT iliac regions, hypogastric region  
🗑
RT & LT hypogastric regions   covered by lower ribs, below ribs  
🗑
chondr/i   cartilage  
🗑
epigastric region   located above stomach  
🗑
epi-   above  
🗑
RT & LT lumbar regions   located near the inward curve of the spine  
🗑
lumb   lower back  
🗑
lumbar   describes part of back btw ribs and pelvis  
🗑
umbilical region   surrounds umbilicus  
🗑
umbilicus   belly button or navel where umbilical cord was once attached  
🗑
RT & LT iliac regions   located near hip bones  
🗑
ili   hip  
🗑
hypogastric region   located below stomach  
🗑
quadrant   4 imaginary quadrants of abdomen RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ  
🗑
RUQ   Right upper quadrant  
🗑
LUQ   Left upper quadrant  
🗑
RLQ   Right lower quadrant  
🗑
LLQ   Left lower quadrant  
🗑
peritoneum   multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place w/in the abdominal cavity  
🗑
membrane   thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space or organ  
🗑
parietal peritoneum   outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall  
🗑
parietal   cavity wall  
🗑
mesentery   fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall  
🗑
visceral peritoneum   inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity.  
🗑
visceral   relating to internal organs  
🗑
retroperitoneal   located behind the peritoneum  
🗑
retro-   behind  
🗑
periton   peritoneum  
🗑
-eal   pertaining to  
🗑
peritonitis   inflammation of the peritoneum  
🗑
cells   basic structural and functional units of the body. Specialized and grouped together to form tissues and organs  
🗑
cytology   study of the anatomy, physiology, pathology, and chemistry of the cell  
🗑
cy   cell  
🗑
cytologist   specialist in the study and analysis of cells  
🗑
cell membrane   tissue that surrounds and protects the contents of a cell from the external environments  
🗑
cytoplasm   material w/in a cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus  
🗑
cyt/o   cell  
🗑
-plasm   formative material of cells  
🗑
nucleus   structure w/in a cell that is surrounded by nuclear membrane. Functions: controls activities of cell and helps cell divide  
🗑
stem cells   unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division.  
🗑
adult stem cells   aka somatic stem cells: undifferentiated cells found among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ. Maintain/ repair tissue  
🗑
undifferentiated cells   not having specialized function or structure  
🗑
differentiated cells   having a specialized function or structure  
🗑
hemopoietic   blood forming  
🗑
graft-versus-host disease   rejection of a stem cell transplant  
🗑
embryonic stem cells   undifferentiated & unlike any specific adult cell but can for ANY adult cell.  
🗑
embryonic   embryo  
🗑
embry/o   fertilized ovum  
🗑
-nic   pertaining to  
🗑
gene   fundamental physical & functional unit of heredity: control hereditary disorders, hair, skin, and eye color  
🗑
genetics   study of how genes are transferred from parents to children & role in health/ diseases  
🗑
geneticist   specialist in field of genetics  
🗑
dominant gene   inherited from either parent & offspring WILL inherit that condition or characteristic.  
🗑
recessive gene   inherited from both parents, WILL receive. When inherited from one parent, will not receive but will be a carrier.  
🗑
genome   complete set of genetic information of an organism. 99% identical in humans  
🗑
chromosome   genetic structure located w/in nucleus of each cell, made up of DNA molecules containing body's genes. Ea = 100,000 genes  
🗑
somatic cell   any cell in body except gametes (sex cells). 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs. 22 identical, the other XX female or XY male  
🗑
somatic   pertaining to the body in general  
🗑
gamete   sperm or egg, aka sex cell, only type of cell that does not contain 46 chromosomes. 23 each  
🗑
Down syndrome chromosomes   47 instead of usual 46  
🗑
DNA   basic structure same for all living organisms. Chromosome w/ 2 spiraling strands to form double helix. Deoxyribonucleic Acid that's found in all cells but erythrocytes  
🗑
erythrocytes are missing   nucleus - only cell that does not have this  
🗑
helix   shape twisted like a spiral staircase (DNA)  
🗑
double helix   consists of 2 helix strands twisted together  
🗑
Same DNA   identical twins  
🗑
genetic mutation   change of sequence of a DNA molecule  
🗑
somatic cell mutation   change w/in cells of the body. Affect individual but cannot be transmitted to next generation  
🗑
gametic cell mutation   change w/in genes in gamete that can be transmitted to next generation  
🗑
genetic engineering   manipulating or splicing of genes for scientific or medical purposes.  
🗑
genetic disorder   aka hereditary disorder, pathological condition caused by absent or defective gene. Some @ birth, others manifest  
🗑
cystic fibrosis (CF)   genetic disorder present @ birth & affects respiratory & digestive systems  
🗑
down syndrome (DS)   genetic variation associated w/ certain facial appearance, LD's, delays, and abnormalities  
🗑
hemophilia   group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which blood clotting factor missing  
🗑
Huntington's disease (HD)   genetic disorder passed from parent to child. Nerve degeneration w/ symptoms that appear in midlife.  
🗑
degeneration   worsening condition  
🗑
muscular dystrophy (MD)   group of genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness & degeneration of skeletal muscles controlling movement  
🗑
phenylketronuria (PKU)   rare genetic disorder which essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing. Limit protein  
🗑
tissue   group or layer of similarly specialized cells that join together to perform certain specific functions  
🗑
histology   microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues  
🗑
hist   tissue  
🗑
histologist   non-physician specialist that studies the microscopic structure of tissues  
🗑
4 main types of tissues   Epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve  
🗑
epithelial tissue   forms protective covering for all internal & external surfaces of body & form glands.  
🗑
epithelium   specialized epithelial tissue that forms epidermis of skin & surface layer of mucous membranes  
🗑
endothelium   specialized epithelial tissue that lines the blood & lymph vessels, body cavities, glands, & organs  
🗑
connective tissue   supports & connects organs & other body tissues. 4 kinds: dense, adipose, loose, liquid  
🗑
dense connective tissue   such as bones and cartilage, form the joints& body framework  
🗑
adipose tissue   A connective tissue, aka fat, provides protective padding, insulation, & support  
🗑
loose connective tissue   surrounds various organs & supports both nerve cells & blood vessels  
🗑
liquid connective tissue   blood and lymph, transport nutrients & waste products throughout body.  
🗑
muscle tissue   contains cells w/ specialized ability to contract & relax  
🗑
nerve tissue   contains cells w/ specialized ability to react to stimuli & to conduct electrical impulses  
🗑
aplasia   defective development, or congenital absence, of an organ or tissue  
🗑
-plasia   formation  
🗑
hypoplasia   the incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells  
🗑
anaplasia   change in the structure of cells & in their orientation to each other  
🗑
ana-   backward  
🗑
dysplasia   abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs  
🗑
hyperplasia   enlargement of an organ or tissue b/c of an abnormal increase in the # cells in the tissues  
🗑
hypertrophy   general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not #, of cells in tissues  
🗑
-trophy   development  
🗑
gland   group of specialized epithelial cells that are capable of producing secretions  
🗑
secretion   the substance produced by a gland  
🗑
exocrine glands   secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body, such as sweat glands  
🗑
exo-   out of  
🗑
-crine   secrete  
🗑
endocrine glands   produce hormones, do not have ducts. Secreted directly into bloodstream & then transported to organs & other structures  
🗑
endo-   within  
🗑
adenoids   mass of gland-like lymphoid tissue @ back of upper pharynx  
🗑
aden   gland  
🗑
adenitis   inflammation of a gland  
🗑
adenocarcinoma   malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue  
🗑
Malignant   harmful, capable of spreading, and potentially life threatening  
🗑
adenoma   a benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue  
🗑
benign   not life threatening  
🗑
adenomalacia   the abnormal softening of a gland  
🗑
adenosis   any disease or condition of a gland.  
🗑
adenosclerosis   the abnormal hardening of a gland  
🗑
adenectomy   surgical removal of a gland  
🗑
organ   independent part of the body that performs a specific function  
🗑
pathology   the study of disease: its nature and cause as well as the produced changes in structure and function  
🗑
path/o, -pathy   disease or suffering, feeling, and emotion  
🗑
pathologist   physician who specializes in laboratory analysis of diseased tissue samples to confirm or establish a diagnosis  
🗑
skeletal system (major structures/ functions)   Bones, joints, cartilage. Supports/ shapes body, protects internal organs, forms some blood cells, stores minerals  
🗑
Muscular system (major structures/ functions)   Muscles, fascia, & tendons. Holds body erect, makes movement possible, moves body fluids & generates body heat.  
🗑
cardiovascular system (major structures/ functions)   heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, & blood. Blood circulates to transport oxygen & nutrients to cells in lymph nodes, waste to kidneys  
🗑
lymphatic system (major structures/ functions)   lymph, lymphatic vessels, & lymph nodes. Removes/ transports waste product from fluid btw cells, destroys pathogens & cancer cells in lymph nodes, returns filtered lymph to bloodstream  
🗑
immune system (major structures/ functions)   tonsils, spleen, thymus, skin, & specialized blood cells. Defends body against invading pathogens & allergens  
🗑
respiratory system (major structures/ functions)   nose, pharynx, trachea, larynx, lungs. Brings oxygen into body for transportation to the cells. Removes carbon dioxide & some water waste from body.  
🗑
digestive system (major structures/ functions)   mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas. Digests ingested food so it can be absorbed into bloodstream, eliminates solid waste  
🗑
urinary system (major structures/ functions)   kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, & urethra. Filters blood to remove waste. Maintains electrolyte & fluid balance w/in body  
🗑
nervous system (major structures/ functions)   nerves, brain, spinal cord. Coordinates reception of stimuli. Transmits messages throughout body.  
🗑
special senses (major structures/ functions)   eyes & ears. receive visual & auditory info & transmit it to brain  
🗑
integumentary system (major structures/ functions)   skin, sebaceous glands, & sweat glands. Protects body against invasion by bacteria. Aids in regulating body temp & H2O content  
🗑
endocrine system (major structures/ functions)   adrenal glands, gonads, pancreas, parathyroids, pineal, pituitary, thymus, & thyroid. Integrates all body functions  
🗑
reproductive system (major structures/ functions)   male: penis & testicles, female: ovaries, uterus, vagina. Produces new life.  
🗑
etiology   the study of the causes of diseases  
🗑
pathogen   disease-producing microorganism such as a virus  
🗑
transmission   spread of disease  
🗑
contamination   a pathogen is possibly present - from lack of proper hygiene or infection control  
🗑
communicable disease   aka contagious disease. Any condition transmitted from 1 person to another - directly or indirectly  
🗑
communicable   capable of being transmitted.  
🗑
indirect contact transmission   situations in which a susceptible person is infected by contact w/ a contaminated surface.  
🗑
bloodborne transmission   spread of disease through contact w/ infected blood or other body fluids contaminated w/ infected blood. HIV, STDs  
🗑
droplet transmission   spread of diseases such as measles, cold, & flu through large respiratory droplets sprayed by coughing/sneezing. Lands on person or thing. Primary: nosocomial infections  
🗑
airborne transmission   contact w/ germs floating in air. airborne coughs or sneezes. Tuberculosis  
🗑
nosocomial infections   hospital acquired infections like MRSA  
🗑
food-borne & waterborne transmission   aka fecal-oral transmission. caused by eating or drinking contaminated food or water that not properly treated  
🗑
vector-borne transmission   spread of certain disease due to bite of a vector (flies, mites, fleas, ticks, rats, dogs. Mosquitoes most common.  
🗑
epidemiologist   specialist in the study of outbreaks of disease w/in population group.  
🗑
epi-   above  
🗑
dem/i   population  
🗑
endemic   ongoing presence of a disease w/in a population, group. or area. Ex common cold  
🗑
dem   population  
🗑
epidemic   sudden & widespread outbreak of disease w/in a specific population group or area. Ex measles  
🗑
pandemic   outbreak of disease occurring over LG geographic area, possibly worldwide. AIDS  
🗑
functional disorder   produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified. Ex panic attack  
🗑
iatrogenic illness   illness w/out known cause  
🗑
idi/o   peculiar to the individual  
🗑
idiopathic   w/out known cause  
🗑
infectious disease   illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria & viruses  
🗑
MRSA   Staphylococcus aureus infections often spread in hospitals  
🗑
organic disorder   produces symptoms caused by detectable physical changes in body.  
🗑
congenital disorder   abnormal condition that exists at time of birth. developmental before birth, prenatal influences, premature birth, or injuries during birth process  
🗑
congenital   existing at birth  
🗑
atresia   describes the congenital absence of a normal body opening or the failure of a structure to be tubular  
🗑
anomaly   deviation from what is regarded as normal  
🗑
anal atresia   congenital absence of the opening at the bottom end of anus  
🗑
prenatal influences   mother's health, behavior, prenatal care  
🗑
rubella infection   birth defects common if contracted early in pregnancy  
🗑
fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)   caused by mother's consumption of alcohol during pregnancy  
🗑
premature birth   birth that occurs earlier than 37 weeks of development  
🗑
birth injuries   congenital disorders that were not present before the events surrounding the time of birth  
🗑
cerebral palsy   result of brain damage, caused by premature birth or inadequate oxygen to brain during birth process  
🗑
geriatrics   study of medical problems & care of older people  
🗑
autopsy   postmortem examination  
🗑
allied health professionals   roles outside of medicine, nursing, & pharmacy. Dental techs, interpreters, nutritionists, PT's, mental health, phlebotomists  
🗑
general practitioner (GP)   can be PCP, aka family practice. Provides ongoing care for patients of all ages  
🗑
internist   physician who specializes in diagnosing & treating diseases & disorders of internal organs & related body systems  
🗑
pediatrician   physician who specializes in diagnosing, treating, & preventing disorders & diseases of infants & children.  
🗑
geriatrician   aka gerontologist, physician who specializes in care of older ppl  
🗑
nurse practitioner (NP)   nurse w/ graduate training who often works w/ primary care provider  
🗑
physician assistant (PA)   licensed pro who works under supervision of physician. Usually master's degree  
🗑
medical receptionist   schedules/ registers patients  
🗑
medical assistant   aka clinical medical assistant. Performs admin & clinical tasks in Dr's office.  
🗑
certified medical assistant   CMA  
🗑
medical coder   reviews patients' med records & assigns appropriate codes for treatment & services  
🗑
emergency room (ER)   focuses on diagnosing & treating life-threatening emergency med conditions. Patients triaged on arrival  
🗑
emergency physician   Dr who specializes in high-acuity med in ET  
🗑
acuity   level of severity of an illness  
🗑
emergency medical technician (EMT)   licensed health care pro who works in pre-hospital setting on ambulance or in ER  
🗑
registered nurse (RN)   licensed health care pro who works in variety of settings  
🗑
licensed vocational nurse (LPN)   aka LVN. works under basic supervision of Dr or RN to provide basic patient care.  
🗑
certified nursing assistant (CNA)   works under supervision of RN to provide basic patient care  
🗑
intensive care unit (ICU)   aka critical care unit. provides continuously monitored care for critically ill patients.  
🗑
intensivist   physician specializing in care of critically ill patients hospitalized in ICU  
🗑
hospitalist   physician focusing on general medical care of hospitalized patients  
🗑
telemetry   unit provides continuous cardiac monitoring for patients w/ heart problems  
🗑
tele   distant  
🗑
-metry   measure  
🗑
medical/surgical unit   provides nursing care for lower-acuity patients recovering from surgery or needing continued care  
🗑
A&P   Anatomy & Physiology  
🗑
CD   communicable disease  
🗑
CH, Chr   chromosome  
🗑
DNA   deoxyribonucleic acid  
🗑
epid   epidemic  
🗑
GP   general practitioner  
🗑
HD   Huntington's disease  
🗑
LLQ   Left lower quadrant  
🗑
LUQ   Left upper quadrant  
🗑
PA   Physician assistant  
🗑
RLQ   Right lower quadrant  
🗑
RUQ   Right upper quadrant  
🗑


   

Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
 
To hide a column, click on the column name.
 
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
 
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
 
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.

 
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how
Created by: kld0519
Popular Medical sets