Psychological, Respiratory Drugs
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| Psychological drugs- | treat psychological conditions from depression to schizophrenia and often work on the chemicals in the brain
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| Antianxiety Drugs- | treat anxiety (also referred to as sedatives, tranquilizers, muscle relaxants)
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| Benzodiazepines- | common antianxiety class that can lead to dependency and abuse
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| Benzodiazepines Treat: | general anxiety disorders, panic disorder, phobias, insomnia, muscle spasm, alcohol withdrawal, and sometimes seizures
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| Benzodiazepine Drugs: | alprazolam (Xanax) - Oral
diazepam (Valium) - IV, PO, alcohol withdraw
lorazepam (Ativan) - IV, PO, alcohol withdraw
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| Non-benzodiazepines- | treatment of anxiety, not prone to dependency/abuse, and does not cause sedation
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| a Non-benzodiazepine: | buspirone (Buspar)
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| Antispasmodics (muscle relaxants)- | relax spastic or rigid muscles (specifically in the spine)
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| an Antianxiety drug: | cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) - PO, Oral
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| Antidepressants- | treatment of depression by increasing the availability of certain chemicals within the brain (e.g. serotonin)
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| Depression- | feelings of sadness, worthlessness, inability to sleep, disinterest in any activities, weight fluctuation, and in its most extreme form, thoughts of suicide (suicidal ideation)
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| Postpartum depression- | symptoms of depression following birth of baby
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| Psychiatric disorders with depression component: | OCD
Bipolar Disorder
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| Tricyclic Antidepressants- | inhibiting certain neurotransmitters (norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin) from being reabsorbed in order to increase levels in the brain
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| a Tricyclic Antidepressant: | nortriptyline (Pamelor)
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| SSRIs (Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)- | inhibit one specific neurotransmitter (serotonin) in order to increase levels in the brain
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| What does SSRI stand for: | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
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| SSRIs drugs: | fluxetine (Prozac)
sertraline (Zoloft)
citalopram (Celexa)
duloxetine (Cymbalta)- for nerve pain
escitalopram (Lexapro) - something of Celexa
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| Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)- | prevents the breakdown of the specific neurotransmitter monoamine, increasing its stores
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| Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are used for: | treatment of agoraphobia(“fear of different settings”) and social anxiety; very powerful with potentially lethal drug and dietary (tyramine-containing foods) interactions
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| an example of an MAOI drug: | selegiline (Emsam)- transdermal patch-safest
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| MAOIs stands for: | Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
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| Tetracyclic compounds and other types of antidepressants: | trazodone (Desyrel) - sleeping agent, side effect in men, priatism
bupropion (Wellbutrin) - smoking cessation
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| Antipsychotic medications (neuroleptics or major tranquilizers)- | typically used for the treatment of mental illness categorized as psychosis by calming areas of the brain allowing normal function.
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| Psychoses- | mental conditions involving loss of contact with reality and significant social impairment
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| Types of Psychoses: | bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, delusions, and mania
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| Symptoms mitigate or eliminated: | hallucinations, tension, hyperactivity, combativeness, or severe antisocial behavior
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| Antipsychotic drugs: | chlorpromazine (first) (Thorazine)
haloperidol (potent) - (Haldol) - used for combative
lithium (Lithobid) - bipolar pop., needs monitoring
olanzapine (Zyprexa) - Oral, Sublingual, IV
clozapine (Clozaril) - have to enroll in prog., needs monitoring
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| clozapine | (Clozaril)
an antipsychotic drug
needs to be monitored and can be fatal
must enroll in a program
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| lithium | (Lithobid)
an antipsychotic drug
for bipolar population
needs to be monitored
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| haloperidol | (Haldol)
an antipsychotic drug
used for combative
potent
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| chlorpromazine | (Thorazine)
an antipsychotic drug used first
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| olanzapine | (Zyprexa)
an antipsychotic drug
Oral, Sublingual, IV
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| Sedative-Hypnotics- | depress the central nervous system and cause drowsiness (sedative) or sleep (hypnotic)
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| a Sedative-Hypnotic drug: | zolpidem (Ambien)
most common at CCHS
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| Stimulants- | increase activity
Ex. caffeine, methylphenidate (Ritalin)
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| Tranquilizers (minor)- | calming effect
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| Anti-Alzheimer Drugs- | acts to treat symptoms of Alzheimer disease by increasing availability of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
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| an Anti-Alzheimer drug: | donepezil (Aricept)
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| Respiratory drugs- | used to treat problems of the respiratory system (everything from sniffles to coughs to asthma)
Ex. Antihistamines and Bronchodilators
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| Antihistamines- | drugs that act against histamines by reducing or blocking histamines to relieve symptoms of different types of allergies (itching, sneezing, runny nose, watery eyes, and asthma) as well as nausea and vomiting (antiemetic properties)
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| diphenhydramine | (Benadryl)
OTC
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| brompheniramine | (Dimetapp, Robitussin)
OTC
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| doxylamine | (NyQuil)
OTC
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| loratadine | (Claritin, Alavert)
OTC
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| fexofenadine | (Allegra)
OTC
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| cetirizine | (Zyrtec)
OTC
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| Motion Sickness Antihistamines: | scopolamine (patch)
meclizine (prescription)
dimenhydrinate
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| Anxiolytic Antihistamine: | hydroxyzine (Vistaril, Atarax) – typically used with post-op pts
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| Bronchodilators- | relax the smooth muscles surrounding the airways
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| Bronchodilators treat: | Asthma
Pulmonary Conditions:
bronchitis
COPD
emphysema
pneumonia
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| Bronchodilators - 3 Categories: | beta-agonists
anticholinergics
theophylline
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| Beta-agonists | can be either “long acting” or “short acting.”
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| Short Acting Beta-Agonists: | albuterol (Proventil and Ventolin) – like an inhaler
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| Long Acting Beta-Agonists: | fluticasone and salmeterol (Advair)
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| Anticholinergics: | (slow acting)- block the action of the neurotransmitter (acetylcholine) in the brain and reduces spasms of smooth muscles
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| an Anticholinergic drug: | ipratropium (Atrovent)
Often combine with beta-agonist
(e.g. Combivent = albuterol (the beta-agonist) and ipratropium (the anticholinergic).
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| theophylline (Theo-Dur, Slo-bid)- | is a long-acting bronchodilator that can be administered via IV or taken in pill form
It is most commonly taken for severe cases of asthma and must be taken daily
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