GI and Endocrine
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| Gastrointestinal (GI) Drugs- | treat digestive problems. Some cure and other relieve symptoms
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| Antacids- | relieve indigestion, heartburn and sometimes heal ulcers
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| Antacids- 3 main elements: | magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia, Phillip’s Milk of Magnesia) "laxative"
calcium carbonate (Tums, Rolaids)
aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel, AlternaGEL)
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| magnesium hydroxide | milk of magnesia- causes diarrhea relieving constipation and referred to as a laxative
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| calcium carbonate | (Tums, Rolaids)- potent and fast-acting antacid. Can cause constipation and helps strengthen bones.
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| aluminum hydroxide | (Amphojel, AlternaGEL) - effective antacid. Can cause constipation.
Commonly mixed with magnesium hydroxide (Maalox, Mylanta)
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| Anti-Acidity- | heartburn, indigestion, GERD and even ulcers can be treated using H2 blockers and proton pump inhibitors
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| H2 blockers- | proteins called histamines encourage acid secretion in the stomach; reduce stomach acid by blocking histamines.
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| H2 blockers are commonly used for: | severe heartburn and duodenal ulcers
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| PPIs (proton pump inhibitors)- | limit stomach acid by shutting down the acid pumps, specifically by blocking an enzyme in the cells themselves.
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| PPIs are prescribed and used to treat... | several different kinds of gastric problems, they are especially effective against ulcers.
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| An H2 Blocker: | ranitdine (Zantac) - prescription, OTC, IV for hospital
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| PPIs: | omeprazole (Prilosec)
pantoprazole (Prontonix)
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| Sucralfate (carafate)- | it works by creating a chemical barrier around an ulcer, protecting it, much the way that a Band-Aid protects a wound
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| Antiemetics (antinausea)- | medications that reduce the urge to vomit
EX. chemo induced
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| An antiemetic drug: | ondansetron (Zofran) - IV
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| An antiemetic drug: | metoclopramide (Reglan) - IV, oral
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| Endocrine Drugs: | Diabetic Medications
Insulin
Thyroid Hormones
Sex Hormones
Infertility and Hormones
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| Antidiabetic medication- | used to treat diabetes along with diet and exercise
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| Type 1 diabetes- | is a chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin; (think insulin dependent)
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| Type 2 diabetes (more common)- | when the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn't make enough insulin
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| Antidiabetic Medications (Type 2 Diabetes): | rosiglitazone (Avandia)
glyburide (DiaBeta/Micronase)
metformin (Glucophage)
glyburide/metformin (Glucovance)
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| rosiglitazone | (Avandia)
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| glyburide | (DiaBeta/Micronase)
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| metformin | (Glucophage)
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| glyburide/metformin | (Glucovance)
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| Rapid-acting insulin | takes effect in about 5 minutes, peaks at an hour, lasts for2-4 hours (insulin lispro, insulin aspart, and insulin glulisine)
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| Regular or short-acting insulin | takes effect within 30 minutes, peaks in 2 to 3 hours, and lasts for 3 to 6 hours (regular insulin )
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| Intermediate-acting insulin | Takes effect 2 to 4 hours after injection, peaks at 4 to 12 hours, lasts for 12 to 18 hours (insulin NPH)
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| Long-acting insulin | takes effect 6 to 10 hours after injection, lasts 20 to 24 hours (insulin glargine, insulin detemir)
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| Premixed insulin | combination of 2 types of insulin, usually a rapid- or short-acting insulin and an intermediate-acting insulin
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| Humulin R, Novolin R | (regular insulin)-short-acting insulin and is the only insulin that can be administered intravenously.
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| Humalog, NovoLog | (FlexPen), Apidra- rapid-acting insulin
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| Humulin N, Novolin N | intermediate-acting insulin
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| Lantus, Levemir | long-acting insulin and more closely mimic natural insulin release than the others do.
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| Hypothyroidism- | treated with synthetic forms of thyroid hormones in prescription form
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| HYPOthyroidism drugs: | levothyroxine (Synthroid, Levoxyl)
liothyronine (Cytomel)- more potent
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| Hyperthyroidism- | tends to be treated with medications that decrease the amount of hormone produced by the thyroid gland
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| HYPERthyroidism drugs: | Beta-blockers
Propylthiouracil
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| Birth Control Pill: | Ortho-Novum
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| Injectable Birth Control: | Depo-Provera (IM injection)
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| Intrauterine device (IUD): | Mirena (hormonal, contains progestin)(IUD)
ParaGard (non hormonal, contains copper) (IUD)
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| Mirena | (hormonal, contains progestin) (IUD)
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| ParaGard | (non hormonal, contains copper) (IUD)
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| Other indications for Birth Control: | Endometriosis
Uterine bleeding
Breast cancer
Menopause symptoms
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| Oxytocin- | hormone released during labor and immediately after a baby is born. It both distends the cervix and induces lactation
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| Pitocyin | oxytocin
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| oxytocin (Pitocyin) | is frequently used to both induce and augment labor
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| Cytotec (misoprostol)- | administered directly in the vagina to ripen the cervix to help induce labor; also used for treating ulcers
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| Infertility Treatment Options: | clomiphene (Clomid)- induce ovulation or fix irregular ovulation
In vitro fertilization (IVF)
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| Hormones that assist in IVF: | Follistim, Repronex, Pergonal, Lupron, Pregnyl (HCG)
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| Key Hormones: | Estrogen/estradiol
Progesterone
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
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