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Gastrointestinal
GI and Endocrine
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gastrointestinal (GI) Drugs- | treat digestive problems. Some cure and other relieve symptoms |
| Antacids- | relieve indigestion, heartburn and sometimes heal ulcers |
| Antacids- 3 main elements: | magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia, Phillip’s Milk of Magnesia) "laxative" calcium carbonate (Tums, Rolaids) aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel, AlternaGEL) |
| magnesium hydroxide | milk of magnesia- causes diarrhea relieving constipation and referred to as a laxative |
| calcium carbonate | (Tums, Rolaids)- potent and fast-acting antacid. Can cause constipation and helps strengthen bones. |
| aluminum hydroxide | (Amphojel, AlternaGEL) - effective antacid. Can cause constipation. Commonly mixed with magnesium hydroxide (Maalox, Mylanta) |
| Anti-Acidity- | heartburn, indigestion, GERD and even ulcers can be treated using H2 blockers and proton pump inhibitors |
| H2 blockers- | proteins called histamines encourage acid secretion in the stomach; reduce stomach acid by blocking histamines. |
| H2 blockers are commonly used for: | severe heartburn and duodenal ulcers |
| PPIs (proton pump inhibitors)- | limit stomach acid by shutting down the acid pumps, specifically by blocking an enzyme in the cells themselves. |
| PPIs are prescribed and used to treat... | several different kinds of gastric problems, they are especially effective against ulcers. |
| An H2 Blocker: | ranitdine (Zantac) - prescription, OTC, IV for hospital |
| PPIs: | omeprazole (Prilosec) pantoprazole (Prontonix) |
| Sucralfate (carafate)- | it works by creating a chemical barrier around an ulcer, protecting it, much the way that a Band-Aid protects a wound |
| Antiemetics (antinausea)- | medications that reduce the urge to vomit EX. chemo induced |
| An antiemetic drug: | ondansetron (Zofran) - IV |
| An antiemetic drug: | metoclopramide (Reglan) - IV, oral |
| Endocrine Drugs: | Diabetic Medications Insulin Thyroid Hormones Sex Hormones Infertility and Hormones |
| Antidiabetic medication- | used to treat diabetes along with diet and exercise |
| Type 1 diabetes- | is a chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin; (think insulin dependent) |
| Type 2 diabetes (more common)- | when the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn't make enough insulin |
| Antidiabetic Medications (Type 2 Diabetes): | rosiglitazone (Avandia) glyburide (DiaBeta/Micronase) metformin (Glucophage) glyburide/metformin (Glucovance) |
| rosiglitazone | (Avandia) |
| glyburide | (DiaBeta/Micronase) |
| metformin | (Glucophage) |
| glyburide/metformin | (Glucovance) |
| Rapid-acting insulin | takes effect in about 5 minutes, peaks at an hour, lasts for2-4 hours (insulin lispro, insulin aspart, and insulin glulisine) |
| Regular or short-acting insulin | takes effect within 30 minutes, peaks in 2 to 3 hours, and lasts for 3 to 6 hours (regular insulin ) |
| Intermediate-acting insulin | Takes effect 2 to 4 hours after injection, peaks at 4 to 12 hours, lasts for 12 to 18 hours (insulin NPH) |
| Long-acting insulin | takes effect 6 to 10 hours after injection, lasts 20 to 24 hours (insulin glargine, insulin detemir) |
| Premixed insulin | combination of 2 types of insulin, usually a rapid- or short-acting insulin and an intermediate-acting insulin |
| Humulin R, Novolin R | (regular insulin)-short-acting insulin and is the only insulin that can be administered intravenously. |
| Humalog, NovoLog | (FlexPen), Apidra- rapid-acting insulin |
| Humulin N, Novolin N | intermediate-acting insulin |
| Lantus, Levemir | long-acting insulin and more closely mimic natural insulin release than the others do. |
| Hypothyroidism- | treated with synthetic forms of thyroid hormones in prescription form |
| HYPOthyroidism drugs: | levothyroxine (Synthroid, Levoxyl) liothyronine (Cytomel)- more potent |
| Hyperthyroidism- | tends to be treated with medications that decrease the amount of hormone produced by the thyroid gland |
| HYPERthyroidism drugs: | Beta-blockers Propylthiouracil |
| Birth Control Pill: | Ortho-Novum |
| Injectable Birth Control: | Depo-Provera (IM injection) |
| Intrauterine device (IUD): | Mirena (hormonal, contains progestin)(IUD) ParaGard (non hormonal, contains copper) (IUD) |
| Mirena | (hormonal, contains progestin) (IUD) |
| ParaGard | (non hormonal, contains copper) (IUD) |
| Other indications for Birth Control: | Endometriosis Uterine bleeding Breast cancer Menopause symptoms |
| Oxytocin- | hormone released during labor and immediately after a baby is born. It both distends the cervix and induces lactation |
| Pitocyin | oxytocin |
| oxytocin (Pitocyin) | is frequently used to both induce and augment labor |
| Cytotec (misoprostol)- | administered directly in the vagina to ripen the cervix to help induce labor; also used for treating ulcers |
| Infertility Treatment Options: | clomiphene (Clomid)- induce ovulation or fix irregular ovulation In vitro fertilization (IVF) |
| Hormones that assist in IVF: | Follistim, Repronex, Pergonal, Lupron, Pregnyl (HCG) |
| Key Hormones: | Estrogen/estradiol Progesterone Luteinizing hormone (LH) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) |
Created by:
wallace263
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