Fundamental Knowledge - I. Basic Sciences - B. Anatomy and Physiology

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Answer

Which radiographic procedure has the ability to make images in multiple planes?

MRI

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The absence of a normal body opening, duct, or canal is called

atresia

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Blood gas analysis is called

ABG

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A ganglion is a

collection of nerve endings

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The lungs are covered in a serous membranous sac called the

Visceral pleura

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The passageway for foods and liquids into the digestive system, and for air into the respiratory system, is the

Pharynx

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The vocal cords are located in the

larynx

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The function of the trachea is to

conduct air to and fron the lungs

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The nasal cavity is divided into two portions by the

septum

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The bones of the palm of the hand are referred to as

metacarpals

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The muscles important in respiration are

intercostal

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The thick, fan-shaped muscle that lies on the anterior chest is the

pectoralis major

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The triangular muscle of the shoulder that abducts the arm is the

deltoid

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Which of the abdominal muscles originates at the pubic bone and ends in the ribs

Rectus abdominis

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One of the principal muscles of the pelvic floor is the

levator ani

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The gastrocnemius is the chief muscle of the

Calf of the leg

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A connective tissue band that holds bones together is called

ligament

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The two bones that forn the side walls and the roof of the cranium are the

Parietal bones

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The sternocleidomastoid muscle is located

Along the side of the neck

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The medial bone of the forearm, which is located on the small-finger side of the hand, is called the

Ulna

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The bone that is chaped like a butterfly and forms the anterior portion of the base of the cranium is the

sphenoid

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The bone that forms the posterior portion of the skull is the

occipital

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The lower jawbone is the

mandible

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The bone located in the neck between the mandible and the larynx, which supports the tongue and provides attachment for some of its muscles, is the

hyoid bone

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The adult vertebral column has how many bones

26 bones

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How many cervical certebrae are there?

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The bone in the axial skeleton that does not articulate with any other bone is the

Hyoid bone

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The number of pairs of ribs is

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A slender, rodlike bone that is located at the base of the neck and runs horizontally is the

clavicle

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The nucleus pulposus is the

Cushioning mass within an intervertebral disk

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The upper, flaring portion of the hipbone is the

ilium

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A large opening at the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes is the

foramen magnum

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The larger, weight-bearing bone of the lower leg is the

tibia

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The bone that fits into the acetabulum, forming a joint, is the

femur

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Another name for the kneecap is

patella

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The membranes that line closed cavities within the body are called

serous membranes

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The longes bone in the body is the

femur

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A rounded protuberance found at a point of articulation with another bone is called a

condyle

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An infection of the bone is

osteomyelitis

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The epiphyses are the

Ends of long bones

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Oil glands of the skin are called

sebaceous

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the periosteum is

the membrane that covers bone

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A transparent structure that permits the eye to focus rays to form an image on the retina is the

lens

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The purpose of the iris is to

regulate the amount of light entering the eye

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The structure that is seen from the outside as the colored portion of the eye is the

retina

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The nerve that carries visual impulses to the brain is the

optic nerve

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The white outer layer of the eyeball is the

sclera

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A jelly-like substance is the eye's posterior cavity is called

vitreous humor

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The structure that connects the middle ear and the throat, allowing the eardrum to vibrate freely, is the

eustachian tube

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The conjunctiva is the

Covering of the anterior globe except the cornea

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The number of pairs of spinal nerves is

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The great sensory nerve of the face and head is the

trigeminal

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The cranial nerve that contains special sense fibers for hearing as well as for balance is

Cranial nerve VIII (acoustic nerve)

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The part of the brain responsible for maintenance of balance and muscle tone, as well as coordination of voluntary muscle, is the

cerebellum

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the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes are divisions of the

cerebrum

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The area of the brain that controls the respiratory center is the

medulla oblongata

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The largest part of the brain is the

cerebellum

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The outermost covering of the brain and spinal cord is the

dura mater

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Cerebrospinal fluid circulates freely in the

subarachnoid space

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The brain contains four fluid-filled spaces called the

ventricles

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Which of the following structures transmits sound vibrations to the inner ear

tympanic membrane

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The winding, cone-shaped tube of the inner ear is the

Cochlea

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Which of the following is not an auditory ossicle

Cochlea

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Cross-matching of blood

determines suitability of donor by mixing donor RBC's with recipient serum

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The highly specialized blood cell whose function is oxygen transportation is

Red blood cell

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A differential count provides an estimate of

the percentage of each type of white cell

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Mixing of incompatible blood may result in

agglutination

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Platelets are essential for

coagulation of blood

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In the normal adult, the average number of leukocytes per cubic millimeter of circulating blood is

5,000-10,000

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A large superficial vein in the lower extremity, which begins in the foot and extends up the medial side of the leg, the knee, and the thigh, is called the

greater saphenous

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The vein in the bend of the elbow that is commonly used as a site for venipuncture is the

median cubital vein

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The artery at the back of the knee is the

popliteal

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The superior and inferior mesenteric arteries supply the

intestines

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The vein that drains the veins of the chest wall and empties into the superior vena cava is the

azygos

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The veins of the head and neck are drained by the

Jugular veins

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Which arteries supply the heart

coronary

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The atrioventricular (A-V) node causes

ventricular contraction

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Why would an aspirated foreign body be more likely to enter the right bronchus rather than the left bronchus

The right bronchus is more vertical, shorter, and wider than the left

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The spleen filters

blood

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Circulation that is established through an anastomosis between two vessels supplying or draining two adjacent structures is called

collateral circulation

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Which artery supplies the head and neck

carotid

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The serous membrane that covers the heart is the

pericardium

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The circle of Willis is located

At the base of the brain

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The branch of the external iliac artery that is loacted in the thigh is called the

femoral artery

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The descending aorta terminates at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra, dividing into

two common iliac arteries

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The contractions of the heart are synchronized and regulated by the pacemaker of the heart, called the

sinoatrial node

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Tiny blood vessels that permeate and nourish tissue are called

capillaries

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The wall or partition dividing the heart into right and left sides is called the

septum

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The heart valve that closes at the time the right ventricle begins pumping, preventing blood from returning to the right atrium, is the

tricuspid

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The inner linging of the heart, composed of smooth, delicate membrane, is called the

endocardium

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The spleen is located

in the left hypochondriac region

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All of the following are parts of the lymphatic system EXCEPT the: thyroid, tonsils, spleen, thymus

thyroid

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The s-shaped bend in the lower colon is called the

sigmoid

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The reabsorption of water and electrolytes is the main function of the

large intestine

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The terminal portion of the large intestine is the

anal canal

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Which structure lies retroperitoneally: sigmoid colon, spleen, liver, kidney

Kidney

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The first portion of the large intestine is the

cecum

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The appendix is attached to the

cecum

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the promary function of the gallbladder is

storage of bile

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When the gallbladder contracts, bile is ejected into the

duodenum

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The area in the duodenum where the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct empty is called

the ampulla of Vater

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Which structure is also known as the "fatty apron"

greater omentum

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The common bile ducts is the union of the

cystic duct and hepatic duct

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The yellow tinge in the skin symptomatic of obstructive jaundice is caused by the accumulation of what substance in the blood and tissue

bilirubin

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The head of the pancreas is located

in the curve of the duodenum

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The sphincter at the junction of the small and large intestines is the

ileocecal sphincter

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The portion of the small intestine that receives secretions from the pancreas and the liver is the

duodenum

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The region of the stomach that connects to the duodenum is the

pylorus

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The mesentery is

a double-layered peritoneal structure shaped like a fan

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The large central portion of the stomach is called the

body

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The muscle serving as a valve to prevent regurgitation of food from the intestine back into the stomach is known as the

pyloric sphincter

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The digestive passageway that begins at the pharynx and terminates in the stomach is the

esophagus

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The point at which the esophagus penetrates the diaphragm is called the

hiatus

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Adenoids are also called

pharyngeal tonsils

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The function of the molar teeth is to

crush and grind food

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Mumps occur in the

parotid glands

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The salivary glands located under the tongue are the

sublingual

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The liver has how many lobes

🗑

The glomerulus is a

cluster of capillaries

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The tubes or cuplike extensions that project from the renal pelvis are called

Calyces

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Urine is transported along the ureters to the bladder by

peristaltic waves

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The smooth, triangular area at the bottom of the bladder that contains three openings is called the

trigone

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The kidneys are positioned

retroperitoneally

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The kidney structure that filters blood, returns useful substances to blood, and removes substances from blood that are not needed is the

nephron

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Blood is supplied to the kidney by means of the renal artery, which arises from the

abdominal aorta

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The indentation in the kidney through which all structures must pass as they enter or leave the kidney is the

hilus

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The outer layer of the kidney is known as the

cortex

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The portion of the male urethra that passes through the pelvic floor is called the

membranous portion

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A lack of voluntary control over micturition is called

incontinence

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Urine empties from the bladder through a tube called the

urethra

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Fertilization occurs in the

fallopian tubes

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The perineum is

the area between the vagina and the anus

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The small, sensitive structure of the female homologous to the male penis is the

clitoris

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Ova are swept into the fallopian tubes by small, fringelike extensions on the distal ends of the tubes called

fimbriae

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The inner lining of the uterus is called the

endometrium

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The ligamenmt that attaches the ovaries to the pelvic wall is the

suspensory

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The supporting structure of the male reproductive system is the

spermatic cord

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The loose skin covering the glans penis like a sheath is called the

prepuce

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The distal end of the penis is slightly enlarged and is called the

glans penis

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In a male, the structure surrounding the entrance to the urethra just below the urinary bladder is

the prostate gland

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Which structure is not a portion of the male urethra: membranous, prostatic, vas, penile

vas

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This structure stores sperm and propels them toward the urethra during ejaculation

vas deferens

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The long, coiled tube in which sperm mature is the

epididymis

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