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Surg Tech Quiz 2
Fundamental Knowledge - I. Basic Sciences - B. Anatomy and Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which radiographic procedure has the ability to make images in multiple planes? | MRI |
| The absence of a normal body opening, duct, or canal is called | atresia |
| Blood gas analysis is called | ABG |
| A ganglion is a | collection of nerve endings |
| The lungs are covered in a serous membranous sac called the | Visceral pleura |
| The passageway for foods and liquids into the digestive system, and for air into the respiratory system, is the | Pharynx |
| The vocal cords are located in the | larynx |
| The function of the trachea is to | conduct air to and fron the lungs |
| The nasal cavity is divided into two portions by the | septum |
| The bones of the palm of the hand are referred to as | metacarpals |
| The muscles important in respiration are | intercostal |
| The thick, fan-shaped muscle that lies on the anterior chest is the | pectoralis major |
| The triangular muscle of the shoulder that abducts the arm is the | deltoid |
| Which of the abdominal muscles originates at the pubic bone and ends in the ribs | Rectus abdominis |
| One of the principal muscles of the pelvic floor is the | levator ani |
| The gastrocnemius is the chief muscle of the | Calf of the leg |
| A connective tissue band that holds bones together is called | ligament |
| The two bones that forn the side walls and the roof of the cranium are the | Parietal bones |
| The sternocleidomastoid muscle is located | Along the side of the neck |
| The medial bone of the forearm, which is located on the small-finger side of the hand, is called the | Ulna |
| The bone that is chaped like a butterfly and forms the anterior portion of the base of the cranium is the | sphenoid |
| The bone that forms the posterior portion of the skull is the | occipital |
| The lower jawbone is the | mandible |
| The bone located in the neck between the mandible and the larynx, which supports the tongue and provides attachment for some of its muscles, is the | hyoid bone |
| The adult vertebral column has how many bones | 26 bones |
| How many cervical certebrae are there? | 7 |
| The bone in the axial skeleton that does not articulate with any other bone is the | Hyoid bone |
| The number of pairs of ribs is | 12 |
| A slender, rodlike bone that is located at the base of the neck and runs horizontally is the | clavicle |
| The nucleus pulposus is the | Cushioning mass within an intervertebral disk |
| The upper, flaring portion of the hipbone is the | ilium |
| A large opening at the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes is the | foramen magnum |
| The larger, weight-bearing bone of the lower leg is the | tibia |
| The bone that fits into the acetabulum, forming a joint, is the | femur |
| Another name for the kneecap is | patella |
| The membranes that line closed cavities within the body are called | serous membranes |
| The longes bone in the body is the | femur |
| A rounded protuberance found at a point of articulation with another bone is called a | condyle |
| An infection of the bone is | osteomyelitis |
| The epiphyses are the | Ends of long bones |
| Oil glands of the skin are called | sebaceous |
| the periosteum is | the membrane that covers bone |
| A transparent structure that permits the eye to focus rays to form an image on the retina is the | lens |
| The purpose of the iris is to | regulate the amount of light entering the eye |
| The structure that is seen from the outside as the colored portion of the eye is the | retina |
| The nerve that carries visual impulses to the brain is the | optic nerve |
| The white outer layer of the eyeball is the | sclera |
| A jelly-like substance is the eye's posterior cavity is called | vitreous humor |
| The structure that connects the middle ear and the throat, allowing the eardrum to vibrate freely, is the | eustachian tube |
| The conjunctiva is the | Covering of the anterior globe except the cornea |
| The number of pairs of spinal nerves is | 31 |
| The great sensory nerve of the face and head is the | trigeminal |
| The cranial nerve that contains special sense fibers for hearing as well as for balance is | Cranial nerve VIII (acoustic nerve) |
| The part of the brain responsible for maintenance of balance and muscle tone, as well as coordination of voluntary muscle, is the | cerebellum |
| the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes are divisions of the | cerebrum |
| The area of the brain that controls the respiratory center is the | medulla oblongata |
| The largest part of the brain is the | cerebellum |
| The outermost covering of the brain and spinal cord is the | dura mater |
| Cerebrospinal fluid circulates freely in the | subarachnoid space |
| The brain contains four fluid-filled spaces called the | ventricles |
| Which of the following structures transmits sound vibrations to the inner ear | tympanic membrane |
| The winding, cone-shaped tube of the inner ear is the | Cochlea |
| Which of the following is not an auditory ossicle | Cochlea |
| Cross-matching of blood | determines suitability of donor by mixing donor RBC's with recipient serum |
| The highly specialized blood cell whose function is oxygen transportation is | Red blood cell |
| A differential count provides an estimate of | the percentage of each type of white cell |
| Mixing of incompatible blood may result in | agglutination |
| Platelets are essential for | coagulation of blood |
| In the normal adult, the average number of leukocytes per cubic millimeter of circulating blood is | 5,000-10,000 |
| A large superficial vein in the lower extremity, which begins in the foot and extends up the medial side of the leg, the knee, and the thigh, is called the | greater saphenous |
| The vein in the bend of the elbow that is commonly used as a site for venipuncture is the | median cubital vein |
| The artery at the back of the knee is the | popliteal |
| The superior and inferior mesenteric arteries supply the | intestines |
| The vein that drains the veins of the chest wall and empties into the superior vena cava is the | azygos |
| The veins of the head and neck are drained by the | Jugular veins |
| Which arteries supply the heart | coronary |
| The atrioventricular (A-V) node causes | ventricular contraction |
| Why would an aspirated foreign body be more likely to enter the right bronchus rather than the left bronchus | The right bronchus is more vertical, shorter, and wider than the left |
| The spleen filters | blood |
| Circulation that is established through an anastomosis between two vessels supplying or draining two adjacent structures is called | collateral circulation |
| Which artery supplies the head and neck | carotid |
| The serous membrane that covers the heart is the | pericardium |
| The circle of Willis is located | At the base of the brain |
| The branch of the external iliac artery that is loacted in the thigh is called the | femoral artery |
| The descending aorta terminates at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra, dividing into | two common iliac arteries |
| The contractions of the heart are synchronized and regulated by the pacemaker of the heart, called the | sinoatrial node |
| Tiny blood vessels that permeate and nourish tissue are called | capillaries |
| The wall or partition dividing the heart into right and left sides is called the | septum |
| The heart valve that closes at the time the right ventricle begins pumping, preventing blood from returning to the right atrium, is the | tricuspid |
| The inner linging of the heart, composed of smooth, delicate membrane, is called the | endocardium |
| The spleen is located | in the left hypochondriac region |
| All of the following are parts of the lymphatic system EXCEPT the: thyroid, tonsils, spleen, thymus | thyroid |
| The s-shaped bend in the lower colon is called the | sigmoid |
| The reabsorption of water and electrolytes is the main function of the | large intestine |
| The terminal portion of the large intestine is the | anal canal |
| Which structure lies retroperitoneally: sigmoid colon, spleen, liver, kidney | Kidney |
| The first portion of the large intestine is the | cecum |
| The appendix is attached to the | cecum |
| the promary function of the gallbladder is | storage of bile |
| When the gallbladder contracts, bile is ejected into the | duodenum |
| The area in the duodenum where the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct empty is called | the ampulla of Vater |
| Which structure is also known as the "fatty apron" | greater omentum |
| The common bile ducts is the union of the | cystic duct and hepatic duct |
| The yellow tinge in the skin symptomatic of obstructive jaundice is caused by the accumulation of what substance in the blood and tissue | bilirubin |
| The head of the pancreas is located | in the curve of the duodenum |
| The sphincter at the junction of the small and large intestines is the | ileocecal sphincter |
| The portion of the small intestine that receives secretions from the pancreas and the liver is the | duodenum |
| The region of the stomach that connects to the duodenum is the | pylorus |
| The mesentery is | a double-layered peritoneal structure shaped like a fan |
| The large central portion of the stomach is called the | body |
| The muscle serving as a valve to prevent regurgitation of food from the intestine back into the stomach is known as the | pyloric sphincter |
| The digestive passageway that begins at the pharynx and terminates in the stomach is the | esophagus |
| The point at which the esophagus penetrates the diaphragm is called the | hiatus |
| Adenoids are also called | pharyngeal tonsils |
| The function of the molar teeth is to | crush and grind food |
| Mumps occur in the | parotid glands |
| The salivary glands located under the tongue are the | sublingual |
| The liver has how many lobes | 2 |
| The glomerulus is a | cluster of capillaries |
| The tubes or cuplike extensions that project from the renal pelvis are called | Calyces |
| Urine is transported along the ureters to the bladder by | peristaltic waves |
| The smooth, triangular area at the bottom of the bladder that contains three openings is called the | trigone |
| The kidneys are positioned | retroperitoneally |
| The kidney structure that filters blood, returns useful substances to blood, and removes substances from blood that are not needed is the | nephron |
| Blood is supplied to the kidney by means of the renal artery, which arises from the | abdominal aorta |
| The indentation in the kidney through which all structures must pass as they enter or leave the kidney is the | hilus |
| The outer layer of the kidney is known as the | cortex |
| The portion of the male urethra that passes through the pelvic floor is called the | membranous portion |
| A lack of voluntary control over micturition is called | incontinence |
| Urine empties from the bladder through a tube called the | urethra |
| Fertilization occurs in the | fallopian tubes |
| The perineum is | the area between the vagina and the anus |
| The small, sensitive structure of the female homologous to the male penis is the | clitoris |
| Ova are swept into the fallopian tubes by small, fringelike extensions on the distal ends of the tubes called | fimbriae |
| The inner lining of the uterus is called the | endometrium |
| The ligamenmt that attaches the ovaries to the pelvic wall is the | suspensory |
| The supporting structure of the male reproductive system is the | spermatic cord |
| The loose skin covering the glans penis like a sheath is called the | prepuce |
| The distal end of the penis is slightly enlarged and is called the | glans penis |
| In a male, the structure surrounding the entrance to the urethra just below the urinary bladder is | the prostate gland |
| Which structure is not a portion of the male urethra: membranous, prostatic, vas, penile | vas |
| This structure stores sperm and propels them toward the urethra during ejaculation | vas deferens |
| The long, coiled tube in which sperm mature is the | epididymis |
Created by:
bright1lilli
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