Antibiotics
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| Anti-infective drugs- | either slowing the spread of or killing infectious agents.
Examples:
antibiotics, antifungals, antiparasitics, and antiviral drugs.
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| Antibiotics- | drugs that kill or injure bacteria (one-celled microorganisms).
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| Broad-spectrum antibiotics- | effective against many different kinds of bacteria
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| Penicillin- | a distinct class of antibiotics that is commonly prescribed to treat a variety of infections and sometimes combined with other drugs to improve effectiveness.
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| amoxicillin | type of penicillin
Amoxil (first line of treatment for ear infections)
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| amoxicillin/clavulanate | combination drug (pencillin)
Augmentin (given if resistant to Amoxil)
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| Cephalosporins- | a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics that are similar to penicillin but are used on strains of bacteria that have become resistant to penicillin. 5 Generations . 10% chance to have a reaction if they are allergic to penicillin.
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| cefazolin | type of cephalosporin
Ancef (IV only, commonly prescribed for pre-op)
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| cephalexin | type of cephalosporin
Keflex (oral, used for skin infections, bit by something)
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| cefepime | type of cephalosporin
Maxipime (IV only, hospital setting to treat pneumonia)
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| Macrolides- | reduce production of proteins, which bacteria need to survive, and this slows the growth of or even kills the bacteria.
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| azithromycin | type of macrolide
Zithromax (oral, IV, Z-Pack)
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| Lincosamides- | work similar to macrolides
Ex. clindamycin (Cleocin)
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| Macrolides- | Primarily prescribed to treat pulmonary infections
Can be used in penicillin allergic patients
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| Tetracyclines- | broad-spectrum (increase bacterial resistance) been around a long time
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| doxycycline | type of Tetracycline
(Vibramycin) for Lyme’s Disease
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| tetracycline | type of Tetracycline
(Sumycin)-treatment of acne, hard on stomach
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| Quinolones- | broad-spectrum antibiotics that work on bacteria by disrupting bacterial DNA, and therefore replication.
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| Quinolones- | Drug of choice- ophthalmic infections, upper respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, some sexually
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| ciprofloxacin | type of Quinolone
Cipro
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| levofloxacin | type of Quinolone
Levaquin
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| gentamicin | Garamycin
Serious infections and must be administered intravenously (IV)
Must be monitored and could cause hearing loss
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| vancomycin “drug of last resort” | Vancocin
Toxic antibiotic used to treat serious infections that are not responsive to other antibiotics
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| linezolid “drug of last last resort” | Zyvox
To treat serious infections that are resistant to vancomycin
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| Antiviral agents- | to treat viral infections
Typically does not kill all of the virus (lessen symptoms and shortens outbreak)
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| Antiretrovirals- | entire class of antivirals to treat HIV
Ex. zidovudine (Retrovir)
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| acyclovir | an antiviral agent
Zovirax
treats herpes infection (IV, ora)
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| amantadine | an antiviral agent
Symmetrel
used as a treatment or prophylaxis against influenza type A virus (ONLY)
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| oseltamivir | an antiviral agent
Tamiflu
used as a treatment or prophylaxis against influenza
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| Antifungal agents- | to treat fungal infections
Ex. athlete’s foot, jock itch, ringworm, dandruff and yeast infections
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| nystatin – treats thrush | an antifungal agent
Mycostatin (Powder, Cream, Oral suspension)
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| clotrimazole | an antifungal agent
Lotrimin, Mycelex (Athlete’s foot, jock itch)
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| fluconazole | an antifungal agent
Diflucan (PO, IV)
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| Cytotoxic Drugs Common Side Effects- | nausea/vomiting, hair loss, pain, and fatigue
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| Cytotoxic Drugs- | kill or damage normal healthy cells
used in chemotherapy to treat cancer (antineoplastics)
used as immunosuppressives in the treatment of HIV or to prevent rejection of transplanted organs
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| methotrexate | a cytotoxic drug
Trexall (tablet or IV, IM)
other non-chemo indications (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, ectopic pregnancy
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| Corticosteroids- | similar to cortisol, a hormone naturally produced in the adrenal glands and prescribed in tapering doses
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| Prolong use of Corticosteroids can cause... | adrenal suppression (body quits making cortisol).
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| Corticosteroids treat: | prevents organ rejection in transplant patients
arthritis (juvenile, rheumatoid)
inflammation, rash
lupus
ankylosing spondylitis
inflammatory bowel disease
Addison disease
scleroderma
asthma
Crohn disease
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| prednisone | a corticosteroid
Deltasone (allergic reaction or really sick )
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| dexamethasone | a corticosteroid
Decadron (IV and oral in hospital)
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| cortisone | a corticosteroid
Cortone Acetate (knee injection)
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