Drug Categories 24-32
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| Non-Narcotic Analgesics | aspirin
acetaminophen
ibuprofen
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| (NSAIDs) | non-steroidal anti-inflammatories
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| aspirin – | acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)
Brand names include: Bayer, Bufferin, Ecotrin, Excedrin
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| acetaminophen – | good at killing pain and lowering fever
does not reduce swelling
only analgesic recommended for use by pregnant women
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| ibuprofen – | can be classified as either an analgesic or an NSAID
pain reliever and fever reducer
highly useful for reducing redness and swelling
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| naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn, Anaprox) – | an NSAID
used to alleviate pain, fever, and swelling
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| Most commonly prescribed to treat both inflammation and pain: | indomethacin (Indocin)
piroxicam (Feldene)
tolmetin (Tolectin)
nabumetone (Relafen)
diclofenac sodium (Voltaren)
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| Celebrex | COX-2 inhibitor NSAID
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| Narcotics or opioids | derived from the opium poppy
work on the brain to relieve pain
tend to cause drowsiness
cause a feeling of euphoria
highly addictive
dispensed as tablets or intravenously
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| Generic opioids: | hydrocodone
codeine
oxycodone
morphine
methadone
propoxyphene
tramadol
meperidine
fentanyl
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| Percocet | oxycodone and acetaminophen
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| Tylox | oxycodone and acetaminophen
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| OxyContin | oxycodone
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| Percodan | aspirin and oxycodone
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| Vicodin | hydrocodone and acetaminophen
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| Lorcet | hydrocodone and acetaminophen
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| Ultram | tramadol
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| Demerol | meperidine
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| MS-Contin | morphine
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| Duragesic | fentanyl
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| Brand Name Narcotic Medications: | Percocet
Tylox
OxyContin
Percodan
Vicodin
Lorcet
Darvon
Ultram
Demerol
MS-Contin
Duragesic
Darvocet
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| Anesthesia | refers to a loss of pain and sensation through the use of drugs
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| Anesthetics | drugs that are used to reduce or eliminate sensation.
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| Three Main Types of Anesthesia: | Local
Regional
General
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| Local anesthesia | numbs only one specific area of the body, usually accomplished using a needle injection, ointment, or spray.
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| Regional anesthesia | used to numb a larger area, although not the entire body, and is accomplished by injecting the anesthetic near a cluster of nerves.
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| Regional Anesthesia includes: | an epidural, which numbs the torso during labor and delivery
an interscalene block for spinal surgery
femoral nerve block for leg surgery
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| General anesthesia | Loss of sensation throughout the body, including the ability to breathe, and requires intubation for assistance in respiration
Can be administered via IV or inhalation, or some combination of the two
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| Three Basic Components of General Anesthesia: | An analgesic for relief of pain
A paralytic for loss of sensation, muscle tone, and reflex movement
An amnesic to prevent the formation of any memory of the event
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| Local and Regional Anesthesics: | procaine (Novocain)
lidocaine (Xylocaine)
bupivacaine (Marcaine or Sensorcaine)
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| Combinations of drugs used to achieve general anesthesia: | Inhalational:
•nitrous oxide
•halothane
•desflurane
Intravenous:
methohexital (Brevital)
midazolam (Versed)
propofol (Diprivan)
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| Midazolam | an antianxiety, amnesic, hypnotic, muscle relaxant, and sedative all rolled into one.
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| anticoagulants (blood thinners) | Prevent the formation of clots
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| thrombolytics (clot busters) | Break up, dissolve, and cause clots to disperse
Prevent clots
Usually only administered through IV in a hospital setting.
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| Two of the most common injectable anticoagulants: | Heparin
Lovenox
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| Most commonly prescribed oral anticoagulant: | warfarin (Coumadin)
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| Antiplatelet drugs | Interfere with the chemical reactions that cause platelets to be sticky
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| Most common antiplatelet drugs used to prevent clots: | Aspirin (to reduce the harm caused by heart attack or MI)
Plavix (clopidogrel)
Effient (prasugrel)
Brilinta (ticagrelor)
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| Anticonvulsant drugs | Prevent or reduce the frequency of convulsions (seizures)
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| Common anticonvulsants: | carbamazepine (Tegretol)
felbamate (Felbatol)
gabapentin (Neurontin)
phenobarbital (Luminal)
phenytoin sodium (Dilantin)
valproic acid (Depakote)
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| Two categories of antiosteoporosis drugs: | bisphosphonates, which prevent bone loss
Hormone like drugs - SERMS (selective estrogen modulators), which increase bone formation.
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| tamoxifen (Nolvadex) | an antiestrogen, is often used to treat certain breast cancers, but also acts against osteoporosis
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| bisphosphonates (prevent bone loss): | alendronate (Fosamax)
ibandronate sodium (Boniva)
zoledronic acid (Zometa)
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| SERMS (increase bone formation): | raloxifene (Evista)
tamoxifen (Nolvadex)
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| ASHP stands for: | American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
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| ICD stands for: | International Classification of Diseases
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| CMS stands for: | Centers for Medicare and Medicaid
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| DEA stands for: | Drug Enforcement Administration
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| Who maintains the drug schedule for controlled substances? | (DEA) Drug Enforcement Administration
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| Class 1 or Schedule 1 drugs are: | Most dangerous drugs
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| Class 5 or Schedule 5 drugs are: | Not as dangerous as Class 1 drugs
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| Brand names of aspirin: | Bayer
Bufferin
Ecotrin
Excedrin
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| COX-2 Inhibitor NSAID | block COX-2 enzymes to decrease pain with a much lower risk of adverse GI events
EX: Celebrex
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| NOACs stands for: | Novel oral anticoagulants
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| Novel Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs): | dabigatran (Pradaxa)\
apixaban (Eliquis)
rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
edoxaban (Savaysa)
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| Common oral anticoagulant: | Coumadin (needs to have INR checked once a month)
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| Common injectable anticoagulants: | heparin and enoxaparin (Lovenox)
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| gabapentin (Neurontin) | anticonvulsant
comes in oral form only
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