Diabetes
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| Onset of type 1 diabetes | Before the age of 30
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| Other names for type 1 diabetes | Juvenile, ketosis prone, and IDDM
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| What type of diabetes REQUIRES insulin injects? | Type 1
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| What percent of diabetic patients have type 1 diabetes? | 5-10%
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| Onset of type 2 diabetes? | Usually older then 30
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| What percent of diabetic patients have type 2 diabetes? | 90-95%
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| What are the two main problems in type 2 diabetes? | Insulin resistances and impaired insulin secretion
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| What type of diabetes is ketosis more likely to occur? | Type 1
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| What is gestational diabetes? | Any degree of glucose intolerance with onset during pregnancy
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| What percent of pregnant women have gestational diabetes? | About 18%
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| Other names for pre-diabetes | Impaired fasting glucose and borderline diabetes
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| What percent of pre-diabetic develop diabetes? | 29%
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| Normal fasting blood glucose | 80-120
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| Normal HbA1C % | 4-6%
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| When should a patient with diabetes not exercise? | If their blood glucose is greater than 250 and keystone present in the urine
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| What should a diabetic patient do before moderate exercise to prevent hypoglycemia? | Eat a 15g carb snack or a complex carb with protein
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| How many times per day should a patient on insulin check their blood glucose level? | 2-4
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| Types of insulin | Rapid-acting, short-acting, intermediates acting, and long-acting
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| Action of Sulfonylureas | Stimulates release of insulin from the pancreas
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| Side effects of Sulfonylureas | Hypoglycemia, GI symptoms,sulfur allergy
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| Can Sulfonylureas be used with insulin? | Yes
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| Action of Insulin Secretagogues | Stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas
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| Can Insulin Secretagogues be used with insulin? | No, it can only be used alone or with metformin
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| Action of Biguanides | Decreases glucose production by the liver and sensitive cells to insulin
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| Side effects of Biguanides | Lactic acidosis, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort
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| What type of patient is Biguanides not recommended for? | Patients with renal impairment
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| Types of Sulfonylureas | Glimpepiride, glipizide, glyburide
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| Types of Insulin Secretagogues | repaglinide, neteglide
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| Types of biguanides | Metformin
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| Action of Thiazolidinediones | Sensitize body tissues to insulin
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| Side effects of Thiazolidinediones | Hypoglycemia, drug interactions, weight gain, hyperlipidemia
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| Types of Thiazolidinediones | Pioglitazone, rosiglitazone
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| Action of Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors | Inhibits digestive enzyme in small intestine from releasing glucose from complex carbs in the diet
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| Side effects of Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors | Flatulence, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort
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| When should a patient take Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors | Immediately before meals
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| Types of Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors | Acarbose, miglitol
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| Action of DPP-4, Incretin Enhancers | Stimulates insulin release, prevents glucagon, slow gastric emptying
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| Side effects of DPP-4, Incretin Enhancers | Nausea, diarrhea, mild-moderate hypoglycemia, possible acute pancreatitis
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| Types of DPP-4, Incretin Enhancers | Sitagliptin, saxaglipton, exenatide
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