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Diabetes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Onset of type 1 diabetes | Before the age of 30 |
| Other names for type 1 diabetes | Juvenile, ketosis prone, and IDDM |
| What type of diabetes REQUIRES insulin injects? | Type 1 |
| What percent of diabetic patients have type 1 diabetes? | 5-10% |
| Onset of type 2 diabetes? | Usually older then 30 |
| What percent of diabetic patients have type 2 diabetes? | 90-95% |
| What are the two main problems in type 2 diabetes? | Insulin resistances and impaired insulin secretion |
| What type of diabetes is ketosis more likely to occur? | Type 1 |
| What is gestational diabetes? | Any degree of glucose intolerance with onset during pregnancy |
| What percent of pregnant women have gestational diabetes? | About 18% |
| Other names for pre-diabetes | Impaired fasting glucose and borderline diabetes |
| What percent of pre-diabetic develop diabetes? | 29% |
| Normal fasting blood glucose | 80-120 |
| Normal HbA1C % | 4-6% |
| When should a patient with diabetes not exercise? | If their blood glucose is greater than 250 and keystone present in the urine |
| What should a diabetic patient do before moderate exercise to prevent hypoglycemia? | Eat a 15g carb snack or a complex carb with protein |
| How many times per day should a patient on insulin check their blood glucose level? | 2-4 |
| Types of insulin | Rapid-acting, short-acting, intermediates acting, and long-acting |
| Action of Sulfonylureas | Stimulates release of insulin from the pancreas |
| Side effects of Sulfonylureas | Hypoglycemia, GI symptoms,sulfur allergy |
| Can Sulfonylureas be used with insulin? | Yes |
| Action of Insulin Secretagogues | Stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas |
| Can Insulin Secretagogues be used with insulin? | No, it can only be used alone or with metformin |
| Action of Biguanides | Decreases glucose production by the liver and sensitive cells to insulin |
| Side effects of Biguanides | Lactic acidosis, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort |
| What type of patient is Biguanides not recommended for? | Patients with renal impairment |
| Types of Sulfonylureas | Glimpepiride, glipizide, glyburide |
| Types of Insulin Secretagogues | repaglinide, neteglide |
| Types of biguanides | Metformin |
| Action of Thiazolidinediones | Sensitize body tissues to insulin |
| Side effects of Thiazolidinediones | Hypoglycemia, drug interactions, weight gain, hyperlipidemia |
| Types of Thiazolidinediones | Pioglitazone, rosiglitazone |
| Action of Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors | Inhibits digestive enzyme in small intestine from releasing glucose from complex carbs in the diet |
| Side effects of Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors | Flatulence, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort |
| When should a patient take Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors | Immediately before meals |
| Types of Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors | Acarbose, miglitol |
| Action of DPP-4, Incretin Enhancers | Stimulates insulin release, prevents glucagon, slow gastric emptying |
| Side effects of DPP-4, Incretin Enhancers | Nausea, diarrhea, mild-moderate hypoglycemia, possible acute pancreatitis |
| Types of DPP-4, Incretin Enhancers | Sitagliptin, saxaglipton, exenatide |
Created by:
mlinger
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