Language of Medicine...Chapter 2...7th ed.
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| anabolism | Process of building up complex materials (proteins) from simple materials.
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| catabolism | Process of breaking down complex materials (foods) to form simpler substances and release energy.
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| cell membrane | Structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell.
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| chromosomes | Rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes.
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| cytoplasm | All the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane.
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| DNA | Chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell.
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| endoplasmic reticulum | Structure (canals) within the cytoplasm. Site in which large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces.
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| ribosomes | Found on the endoplasmic reticulum.
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| genes | Regions of DNA within each chromosome.
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| karyotype | Picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. The chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure.
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| metabolism | The total of the chemical processes in a cell. It includes both catabolism and anabolism.
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| mitochondria | Structures in the cytoplasm in which foods are burned to release energy (where catabolism occurs).
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| nucleus | Control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell.
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| adipose tissue | Collection of fat cells.
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| cartilage | Flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints.
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| epithelial cell | Skin cells that cover the external body surface and line the internal surfaces of organs.
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| histologist | Specialist in the study of tissues.
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| larynx | Voice box; located at the upper part of the trachea.
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| pharynx | Throat. The pharynx is the common passageway for food and air.
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| pituitary gland | Endocrine gland at the base of the brain.
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| thyroid gland | Endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck.
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| trachea | Windpipe.
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| ureter | One of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder. Spelling clue: ureter has two e's and there are two of them.
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| urethra | Tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. Spelling clue: urethra has one e and there is only one urethra.
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| uterus | The womb. The organ that holds the embryo and fetus as it develops.
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| viscera | Internal organs.
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| abdominal cavity | Space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines.
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| abdomen | Another name for abdominal cavity.
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| cranial cavity | Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull.
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| cranial | Pertaining to the skull.
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| diaphragm | Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities.
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| dorsal (posterior) | Pertaining to the back.
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| mediastinum | Centrally located space between the lungs.
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| pelvic cavity | Space below the abdomen, containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs.
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| pelvic | Pertaining to the hip bone.
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| peritoneum | Membrane surrounding the organs in the abdomen.
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| pleura | A double-layered membrane surrounding each lung.
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| pleural cavity | Space between the pleural membranes and surrounding each lung.
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| spinal cavity | Space within the spinal column and containing the spinal cord.
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| spinal canal | Another name for the spinal cavity.
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| thoracic cavity | Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs.
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| ventral (anterior) | Pertaining to the front.
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| hypochondriac regions | Upper right and left regions beneath the ribs.
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| epigastric region | Upper middle region above the stomach.
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| lumbar regions | Middle right and left regions near the waist.
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| umbilical region | Central region near the navel.
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| inguinal regions | Lower right and left regions near the groin.
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| iliac regions | Another name for inguinal regions.
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| hypogastric region | Lower middle region below the umbilical region.
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| RUQ | Right upper quadrant.
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| LUQ | Left upper quadrant.
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| RLQ | Right lower quadrant.
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| LLQ | Left lower quadrant.
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| cervical division | Neck region (C1-C7)
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| thoracic division | Chest region (T1-T12)
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| lumbar division | Loin (waist) region (L1-L5)
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| sacral division | Region of the sacrum (S1-S5)
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| coccygeal division | Region of the coccyx (tailbone).
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| vertebra | A single backbone.
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| vertebrae | Backbones.
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| spinal column | Bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity.
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| spinal cord | Nervous tissue within the spinal cavity.
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| disk (disc) | A pad of cartilage between vertebrae.
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| anterior (ventral) | Front side of the body.
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| deep | Away from the surface.
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| distal | Far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure.
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| frontal (coronal) plane | Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions.
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| inferior (caudal) | Below another structure.
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| medial | Pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body.
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| posterior (dorsal) | Back side of the body.
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| prone | Lying on the belly (face down, palm down).
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| proximal | Near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure.
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| sagittal (lateral) plane | Lengthwise, vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides.
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| midsagittal plane | Divides the body or structure into right and left halves.
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| superficial | On the surface.
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| superior (cephalic) | Above another structure.
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| supine | Lying on the back (face up, palm up).
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| transverse (cross-sectional or axial) plane | Horizontal plane dividing the body or into upper and lower portions.
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| abdomin/o | abdomen
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| adip/o | fat
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| anter/o | front
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| bol/o | to cast (throw)
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| cervic/o | neck (of the body or of the uterus)
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| chondr/o | cartilage (a type of connective tissue)
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| chrom/o | color
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| coccyg/o | coccyx (tailbone)
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| crani/o | skull
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| cyt/o | cell
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| dist/o | far, distant
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| dors/o | back portion of the body
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| hist/o | tissue
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| ili/o | ilium (part of the pelvic bone)
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| inguin/o | groin
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| kary/o | nucleus
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| later/o | side
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| lumb/o | lower back (side and back between the ribs and the pelvis)
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| medi/o | middle
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| nucle/o | nucleus
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| pelv/o | hip, pelvic cavity
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| poster/o | back, behind
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| proxim/o | nearest
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| sacr/o | sacrum
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| sarc/o | flesh
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| spin/o | spine, backbone
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| thel/o | nipple
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| thorac/o | chest
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| trache/o | trachea, windpipe
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| umbilic/o | navel, umbilicus
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| ventr/o | belly side of the body
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| vertebr/o | vertebrae, backbones
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| viscer/o | internal organs
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| ana- | up
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| cata- | down
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| epi- | above
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| hypo- | below
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| inter- | between
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| meta- | change
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| -eal | pertaining to
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| -iac | pertaining to
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| -ior | pertaining to
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| -ism | process
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| -ose | pertaining to, full of
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| -plasm | formation
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| -somes | bodies
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| -type | picture, classification
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| abdominal | Pertaining to the abdomen.
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| adipose | Pertaining to fat.
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| anterior | Pertaining to the front.
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| anabolism | Process of casting up (building-up or synthesizing process in a cell).
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| cervical | Pertaining to the neck.
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| chondroma | Tumor of cartilage.
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| chondrosarcoma | Flesh tumor (malignant) of cartilage.
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| chromosomes | "Color bodies"; contain genetic material and are located in the nucleus of a cell.
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| coccygeal | Pertaining to the coccyx (tailbone).
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| craniotomy | Incision of the skull.
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| cytoplasm | Contents (formation) of the cell (apart from the nucleus and cell membrane).
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| distal | Pertaining to far (from the beginning of a structure).
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| dorsal | Pertaining to the back.
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| histology | Study of tissues.
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| iliac | Pertaining to the ilium.
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| inguinal | Pertaining to the groin.
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| karyotype | Picture (classification) of the nucleus (and it's chromosomes).
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| lateral | Pertaining to the side.
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| lumbosacral | Pertaining to the lumbar and sacral regions.
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| medial | Pertaining to the middle.
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| nucleic | Pertaining to the nucleus.
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| posterior | Pertaining to the back, behind.
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| proximal | Pertaining to near the beginning of a structure.
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| sacral | Pertaining to the sacrum.
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| sarcoma | Tumor of the flesh tissue (malignant).
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| spinal | Pertaining to the spine, backbone.
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| epithelial cell | Cell covering the surface of the skin and inner lining of body cavities and tubes.
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| thoracic | Pertaining to the chest.
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| thoracotomy | Incision of the chest.
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| tracheal | Pertaining to the windpipe (trachea).
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| umbilical | Pertaining to the navel.
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| ventral | Pertaining to the belly side of the body.
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| vertebral | Pertaining to the vertebrae.
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| visceral | Pertaining to internal organs.
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| anabolic | Pertaining to casting up; building up substances (proteins) in the cell.
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| catabolism | Process of casting down; breaking down material (food) in the cell to release energy.
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| epigastric | Pertaining to above the stomach.
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| hypochondriac regions | Pertaining to under the rib cartilages (area of the abdomen).
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| intervertebral | Pertaining to between the vertebrae.
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