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Crystals 2nd stack
Language of Medicine...Chapter 2...7th ed.
| term | definition |
|---|---|
| anabolism | Process of building up complex materials (proteins) from simple materials. |
| catabolism | Process of breaking down complex materials (foods) to form simpler substances and release energy. |
| cell membrane | Structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell. |
| chromosomes | Rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. |
| cytoplasm | All the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane. |
| DNA | Chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell. |
| endoplasmic reticulum | Structure (canals) within the cytoplasm. Site in which large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces. |
| ribosomes | Found on the endoplasmic reticulum. |
| genes | Regions of DNA within each chromosome. |
| karyotype | Picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. The chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure. |
| metabolism | The total of the chemical processes in a cell. It includes both catabolism and anabolism. |
| mitochondria | Structures in the cytoplasm in which foods are burned to release energy (where catabolism occurs). |
| nucleus | Control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell. |
| adipose tissue | Collection of fat cells. |
| cartilage | Flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints. |
| epithelial cell | Skin cells that cover the external body surface and line the internal surfaces of organs. |
| histologist | Specialist in the study of tissues. |
| larynx | Voice box; located at the upper part of the trachea. |
| pharynx | Throat. The pharynx is the common passageway for food and air. |
| pituitary gland | Endocrine gland at the base of the brain. |
| thyroid gland | Endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck. |
| trachea | Windpipe. |
| ureter | One of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder. Spelling clue: ureter has two e's and there are two of them. |
| urethra | Tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. Spelling clue: urethra has one e and there is only one urethra. |
| uterus | The womb. The organ that holds the embryo and fetus as it develops. |
| viscera | Internal organs. |
| abdominal cavity | Space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines. |
| abdomen | Another name for abdominal cavity. |
| cranial cavity | Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull. |
| cranial | Pertaining to the skull. |
| diaphragm | Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities. |
| dorsal (posterior) | Pertaining to the back. |
| mediastinum | Centrally located space between the lungs. |
| pelvic cavity | Space below the abdomen, containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs. |
| pelvic | Pertaining to the hip bone. |
| peritoneum | Membrane surrounding the organs in the abdomen. |
| pleura | A double-layered membrane surrounding each lung. |
| pleural cavity | Space between the pleural membranes and surrounding each lung. |
| spinal cavity | Space within the spinal column and containing the spinal cord. |
| spinal canal | Another name for the spinal cavity. |
| thoracic cavity | Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs. |
| ventral (anterior) | Pertaining to the front. |
| hypochondriac regions | Upper right and left regions beneath the ribs. |
| epigastric region | Upper middle region above the stomach. |
| lumbar regions | Middle right and left regions near the waist. |
| umbilical region | Central region near the navel. |
| inguinal regions | Lower right and left regions near the groin. |
| iliac regions | Another name for inguinal regions. |
| hypogastric region | Lower middle region below the umbilical region. |
| RUQ | Right upper quadrant. |
| LUQ | Left upper quadrant. |
| RLQ | Right lower quadrant. |
| LLQ | Left lower quadrant. |
| cervical division | Neck region (C1-C7) |
| thoracic division | Chest region (T1-T12) |
| lumbar division | Loin (waist) region (L1-L5) |
| sacral division | Region of the sacrum (S1-S5) |
| coccygeal division | Region of the coccyx (tailbone). |
| vertebra | A single backbone. |
| vertebrae | Backbones. |
| spinal column | Bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity. |
| spinal cord | Nervous tissue within the spinal cavity. |
| disk (disc) | A pad of cartilage between vertebrae. |
| anterior (ventral) | Front side of the body. |
| deep | Away from the surface. |
| distal | Far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure. |
| frontal (coronal) plane | Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions. |
| inferior (caudal) | Below another structure. |
| medial | Pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body. |
| posterior (dorsal) | Back side of the body. |
| prone | Lying on the belly (face down, palm down). |
| proximal | Near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure. |
| sagittal (lateral) plane | Lengthwise, vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides. |
| midsagittal plane | Divides the body or structure into right and left halves. |
| superficial | On the surface. |
| superior (cephalic) | Above another structure. |
| supine | Lying on the back (face up, palm up). |
| transverse (cross-sectional or axial) plane | Horizontal plane dividing the body or into upper and lower portions. |
| abdomin/o | abdomen |
| adip/o | fat |
| anter/o | front |
| bol/o | to cast (throw) |
| cervic/o | neck (of the body or of the uterus) |
| chondr/o | cartilage (a type of connective tissue) |
| chrom/o | color |
| coccyg/o | coccyx (tailbone) |
| crani/o | skull |
| cyt/o | cell |
| dist/o | far, distant |
| dors/o | back portion of the body |
| hist/o | tissue |
| ili/o | ilium (part of the pelvic bone) |
| inguin/o | groin |
| kary/o | nucleus |
| later/o | side |
| lumb/o | lower back (side and back between the ribs and the pelvis) |
| medi/o | middle |
| nucle/o | nucleus |
| pelv/o | hip, pelvic cavity |
| poster/o | back, behind |
| proxim/o | nearest |
| sacr/o | sacrum |
| sarc/o | flesh |
| spin/o | spine, backbone |
| thel/o | nipple |
| thorac/o | chest |
| trache/o | trachea, windpipe |
| umbilic/o | navel, umbilicus |
| ventr/o | belly side of the body |
| vertebr/o | vertebrae, backbones |
| viscer/o | internal organs |
| ana- | up |
| cata- | down |
| epi- | above |
| hypo- | below |
| inter- | between |
| meta- | change |
| -eal | pertaining to |
| -iac | pertaining to |
| -ior | pertaining to |
| -ism | process |
| -ose | pertaining to, full of |
| -plasm | formation |
| -somes | bodies |
| -type | picture, classification |
| abdominal | Pertaining to the abdomen. |
| adipose | Pertaining to fat. |
| anterior | Pertaining to the front. |
| anabolism | Process of casting up (building-up or synthesizing process in a cell). |
| cervical | Pertaining to the neck. |
| chondroma | Tumor of cartilage. |
| chondrosarcoma | Flesh tumor (malignant) of cartilage. |
| chromosomes | "Color bodies"; contain genetic material and are located in the nucleus of a cell. |
| coccygeal | Pertaining to the coccyx (tailbone). |
| craniotomy | Incision of the skull. |
| cytoplasm | Contents (formation) of the cell (apart from the nucleus and cell membrane). |
| distal | Pertaining to far (from the beginning of a structure). |
| dorsal | Pertaining to the back. |
| histology | Study of tissues. |
| iliac | Pertaining to the ilium. |
| inguinal | Pertaining to the groin. |
| karyotype | Picture (classification) of the nucleus (and it's chromosomes). |
| lateral | Pertaining to the side. |
| lumbosacral | Pertaining to the lumbar and sacral regions. |
| medial | Pertaining to the middle. |
| nucleic | Pertaining to the nucleus. |
| posterior | Pertaining to the back, behind. |
| proximal | Pertaining to near the beginning of a structure. |
| sacral | Pertaining to the sacrum. |
| sarcoma | Tumor of the flesh tissue (malignant). |
| spinal | Pertaining to the spine, backbone. |
| epithelial cell | Cell covering the surface of the skin and inner lining of body cavities and tubes. |
| thoracic | Pertaining to the chest. |
| thoracotomy | Incision of the chest. |
| tracheal | Pertaining to the windpipe (trachea). |
| umbilical | Pertaining to the navel. |
| ventral | Pertaining to the belly side of the body. |
| vertebral | Pertaining to the vertebrae. |
| visceral | Pertaining to internal organs. |
| anabolic | Pertaining to casting up; building up substances (proteins) in the cell. |
| catabolism | Process of casting down; breaking down material (food) in the cell to release energy. |
| epigastric | Pertaining to above the stomach. |
| hypochondriac regions | Pertaining to under the rib cartilages (area of the abdomen). |
| intervertebral | Pertaining to between the vertebrae. |
Created by:
jonescd
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