NAU The Nervous System 3
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| Any tissue or organ that carries out a command from the nervous system. | Effector
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| Portion of the neuron that transmits impulses from the spinal cord and brain. | Efferent or Motor Neuron
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| Portion of the neuron that transmits impulses to the spinal cord and brain | Afferent or Sensory Neuron
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| Functional cells that transmits impulses | Neuron
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| Brings information into the neuron | Dendrite
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| Takes information away from the neuron | Axon
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| Body of the neuron | Soma or Perikaryon
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| Protects, cleans up after neurons. Does not transmit an impulse. Ex: mom cells | Neuroglia
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| 12 Cranial Nerves and what they do in order: | Olfactory-Sensory, Optic-Sensory, Oculomotor-Motor, Trochlear-Motor, Trigeminal-Both, Abducens-Motor, Facial-Both, Vestibulocochlear-Sensory, Glossopharyngeal-Both, Vagus-both, Spinal Accessory-Motor, Hypoglossal-Motor
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| The 5 Sensory Receptors: | Chemoreceptors, Photorecptors, Thermoreceptors, Mechanoreceptors and Proprioreceptors
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| Makes up Chemoreceptors: | Smell and Taste
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| Receptors that chemically convert into a perception | Chemoreceptors
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| Receptors that receive light | Photorecptors
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| Receptors that are superficial and deep. Determine what is hot and cold. Receptors responsible for fever, chills and hot flashes | Thermoreceptors
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| Receptors that cause a mechanical movement of something. Hearing, equilibrium, touch and pain. | Mechanoreceptors
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| Receptors that determines where you are at in space. Receptors that continue to develop into adulthood. | Proprioreceptors
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| Types of photo receptors: | Rods and Cones
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| Gives perception of light and dark in shades of grey. | Rods
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| Deals with color. Takes light and determines the specific color of light seen. Ex: red, blue, green, yellow | Cones
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| Absence of light | Black
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| Presence of all colors | White
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| 5 special senses: | Vision, Taste, Equilibrium, Touch and Smell
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| 5 general senses: | Pressure, Temperature, Touch, Visceroreceptors and Proprioreceptors
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| Receptors made up of the Pacinian corpuscles | Pressure
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| Receptors made up of Messiner's corpuscles and Tatcile corpuscles | Touch
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| 11 Anatomical parts that makes up the eye: | Conjunctiva, Lacrimal and nasolacrimal ducts, Sclera, Choroid, Retina, Cornea, Aquacous Humor, Vitrous Humor, Lens, Extrinsic Muscles, Intrinsic Muscles which includes the Iris
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| Protective coating over the eye, covers the sclera. Sometimes referred to the whites of the eye. | Conjunctiva
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| Inflammation of the conjunctiva | Conjunctivitis
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| Gland above the eye. Provides lubrication for the eyes. | Lacrimal gland
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| Ducts in the corner of the eye. Also provides lubrication for the eyes. | Nasolacrimal ducts
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| True white portion of the eyes. Gives the outercoat to the eye. Helps maintain the shape of the eye. | Sclera
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| Functions to absorb light, carries many blood vessels that go to the back of the eye and contains the ciliary body. | Choroid
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| Helps suspend the lens in the eye | Ciliary body
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| Contains rods and cones. Receives info via the optic nerve and optic disk | Retina
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| The axon portion of the rods and cones come together and form this | Optic Nerve
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| Cone and rod fibers leave the retina and become part of the optic nerve, forming this | Optic Disk or Blindspot
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| Window of the eye. Bubble glass portion over the eye. | Cornea
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| When the bubble glass portion of the eye becomes clouded. | Cataracts
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| Fluids in the eye: | Aquaeous Humor and Vitrous Humor
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| Fluid in front and behind the iris also right under the cornea, gives the bubble shape to the cornea. | Aquaeous Humor
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| Means jelly-like, also help give the eyeball its shape | Vitrous Humor
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| Increased occular pressure on the rods and cones, can lead to blindness | Glaucoma
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| Suspended by ciliary body, is the divider between the Aquaeous Humor and Vitrous Humor. | Lens
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| When the lens of the eyes sees close up and not far away. Also called near-sightedness | Myopia
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| When the lens of the eyes sees far away and not close up. Also called far-sightedness | Hyperopia
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| Moves the eyeball along with the Oculomotor nerve. | Extrinsic Muscles
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| Autonomic movement of the eyeball | Intrinsic Muscles
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| Colored area of the eye that acts to regulates the amount of light received into the eye through the pupil | Iris
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| The opening center of the Iris | Pupil
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| Nerve supply to the eye: | Optic, Ophthalmic branch of the Trigeminal, Oculomotor
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| Nerve made up of the axons from rods and cones | Optic Nerve
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| Nerve that detects pain and touch in the eye | Ophthalmic branch of the Trigeminal
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| Muscle that provides involuntary and voluntary impulses to the eye. Moves the eye left and right, up and down. | Oculomotor
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| Steps of vision: | Light hits the cornea, through Aquaeous Humor, through Iris via pupil, back through Aquaeous Humor to lens, through Vitrous Humor, then to retina via rods & cones, to optic nerve, then crosses at optic chiasma, into occipital lobe for intrepretation.
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| The point where light crosses on the optical nerve is called | Optic Chiasma
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| Makes up the Ear: | Outer Ear, Middle Ear, Inner Ear
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| Makes up the Outer Ear: | Pinna or Auricle and External Auditory Canal
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| Makes up the Middle Ear: | Malleous, Incus, Stapes and Tympanic Membrane
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| Makes up the Inner Ear and are mechanoreceptors: | Semicircular Canals, Cochlea, Vestibule
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| Captures Sound and funnels to the head | Pinna or Auricle
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| Lined with ciliary and ceruminous glands, helps to keep harmful things away from the ear | External Auditory Canal
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| Known as the eardrum, vibrates from sound | Tympanic Membrane
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| 3 Bones of the middle ear: | Malleous, Incus and Stapes
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| Helps the ear determine where it is in space | Semicircular Canals
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| Seashell shaped contains endolymph and has inner ear receptors | Cochlea
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| A bony chamber located between the cochlea and the semicircular canals. Houses membranous structures that serve hearing and equilibrium | Vestibule
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| 2 types of fluid found in the ear | Endolymph and Perilymph
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| Contains about 16,000 hearing receptor cells. Is the hearing sections of the ear. | Organ of Corti
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| Four parallel rows of cells with many hair-like processes that extend into the endolymph of the cochlear duct. Are proprioreceptors and mechanoreceptors. | Hair cells
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| Hair-like processes in the ear, helps make up Hair cells. | Stereocilia
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| Tent-like structure over the hearing portion of the ear | Tectorial membrane
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| Rupture of the ear drum or repetitive noise which can scar the ear drum | Hearing loss
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| Steps of hearing: | Starts in Pinna, External Accoustic Meatus, Tympanic, Malleous, Incus, Stapes, Oval Window, Endolymph & Periplymph fluid, Organ of Corti, Tectoral membrane, hair cells derforms, transmits Vestibulocochlear nerve to temporal lobe for intrepretation
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| 2 types of Equilibrium | Static Equilibrium and Dynamic Equilibrium
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| Is stationary for balancing. Knowing orientation while standing still. Has hair cells on the surface that deform to let your body know where it is. | Static Equilibrium
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| A jelly-like substance that reports the position of the head while moving | Macula
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| Knowing where you are in space while you are moving. Located in the semicircular canals. | Dynamic Equilibrium
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| Crystals in the head along the hair cells that help with equilibrium | Otolith
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| Gelatinous fluid that swells around the ending of the semicircular canal. | Ampulla
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| When the head moves, this also moves and deforms the hair cells and will adjust to the new equilibrium | Cupula
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| Another term for taste | Gustation
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| 4 tastebuds | Sweet, Salty, Sour, Bitter
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| Tastebud on the front tip of the tongue | Sweet
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| Tastebud on the lateral, anterior aspect of the tongue | Salty
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| Tastebud on the posterior, lateral aspect of the tongue | Sour
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| Tastebud on the posterior, middle aspect of the tongue. | Bitter
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| Receptors embedded in the tongue for taste | Tastebuds
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| Receptors located in the epithelium of the superior region of the nasal cavity | Smell or Olfaction
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| These bulbs sit on the cribform plate, so the sense of smell hit the Olfactory nerve, which leads to the brain, associating smell with memory. | Olfactory bulbs
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| Where you are in space | Position or Equilibrium
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| Widely distributed free nerve endings, internal visceral receptors. | Pain
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| Free nerve endings, receptors not enclosed in capsules. | Temperature
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