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NAU A&P 12
NAU The Nervous System 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Any tissue or organ that carries out a command from the nervous system. | Effector |
| Portion of the neuron that transmits impulses from the spinal cord and brain. | Efferent or Motor Neuron |
| Portion of the neuron that transmits impulses to the spinal cord and brain | Afferent or Sensory Neuron |
| Functional cells that transmits impulses | Neuron |
| Brings information into the neuron | Dendrite |
| Takes information away from the neuron | Axon |
| Body of the neuron | Soma or Perikaryon |
| Protects, cleans up after neurons. Does not transmit an impulse. Ex: mom cells | Neuroglia |
| 12 Cranial Nerves and what they do in order: | Olfactory-Sensory, Optic-Sensory, Oculomotor-Motor, Trochlear-Motor, Trigeminal-Both, Abducens-Motor, Facial-Both, Vestibulocochlear-Sensory, Glossopharyngeal-Both, Vagus-both, Spinal Accessory-Motor, Hypoglossal-Motor |
| The 5 Sensory Receptors: | Chemoreceptors, Photorecptors, Thermoreceptors, Mechanoreceptors and Proprioreceptors |
| Makes up Chemoreceptors: | Smell and Taste |
| Receptors that chemically convert into a perception | Chemoreceptors |
| Receptors that receive light | Photorecptors |
| Receptors that are superficial and deep. Determine what is hot and cold. Receptors responsible for fever, chills and hot flashes | Thermoreceptors |
| Receptors that cause a mechanical movement of something. Hearing, equilibrium, touch and pain. | Mechanoreceptors |
| Receptors that determines where you are at in space. Receptors that continue to develop into adulthood. | Proprioreceptors |
| Types of photo receptors: | Rods and Cones |
| Gives perception of light and dark in shades of grey. | Rods |
| Deals with color. Takes light and determines the specific color of light seen. Ex: red, blue, green, yellow | Cones |
| Absence of light | Black |
| Presence of all colors | White |
| 5 special senses: | Vision, Taste, Equilibrium, Touch and Smell |
| 5 general senses: | Pressure, Temperature, Touch, Visceroreceptors and Proprioreceptors |
| Receptors made up of the Pacinian corpuscles | Pressure |
| Receptors made up of Messiner's corpuscles and Tatcile corpuscles | Touch |
| 11 Anatomical parts that makes up the eye: | Conjunctiva, Lacrimal and nasolacrimal ducts, Sclera, Choroid, Retina, Cornea, Aquacous Humor, Vitrous Humor, Lens, Extrinsic Muscles, Intrinsic Muscles which includes the Iris |
| Protective coating over the eye, covers the sclera. Sometimes referred to the whites of the eye. | Conjunctiva |
| Inflammation of the conjunctiva | Conjunctivitis |
| Gland above the eye. Provides lubrication for the eyes. | Lacrimal gland |
| Ducts in the corner of the eye. Also provides lubrication for the eyes. | Nasolacrimal ducts |
| True white portion of the eyes. Gives the outercoat to the eye. Helps maintain the shape of the eye. | Sclera |
| Functions to absorb light, carries many blood vessels that go to the back of the eye and contains the ciliary body. | Choroid |
| Helps suspend the lens in the eye | Ciliary body |
| Contains rods and cones. Receives info via the optic nerve and optic disk | Retina |
| The axon portion of the rods and cones come together and form this | Optic Nerve |
| Cone and rod fibers leave the retina and become part of the optic nerve, forming this | Optic Disk or Blindspot |
| Window of the eye. Bubble glass portion over the eye. | Cornea |
| When the bubble glass portion of the eye becomes clouded. | Cataracts |
| Fluids in the eye: | Aquaeous Humor and Vitrous Humor |
| Fluid in front and behind the iris also right under the cornea, gives the bubble shape to the cornea. | Aquaeous Humor |
| Means jelly-like, also help give the eyeball its shape | Vitrous Humor |
| Increased occular pressure on the rods and cones, can lead to blindness | Glaucoma |
| Suspended by ciliary body, is the divider between the Aquaeous Humor and Vitrous Humor. | Lens |
| When the lens of the eyes sees close up and not far away. Also called near-sightedness | Myopia |
| When the lens of the eyes sees far away and not close up. Also called far-sightedness | Hyperopia |
| Moves the eyeball along with the Oculomotor nerve. | Extrinsic Muscles |
| Autonomic movement of the eyeball | Intrinsic Muscles |
| Colored area of the eye that acts to regulates the amount of light received into the eye through the pupil | Iris |
| The opening center of the Iris | Pupil |
| Nerve supply to the eye: | Optic, Ophthalmic branch of the Trigeminal, Oculomotor |
| Nerve made up of the axons from rods and cones | Optic Nerve |
| Nerve that detects pain and touch in the eye | Ophthalmic branch of the Trigeminal |
| Muscle that provides involuntary and voluntary impulses to the eye. Moves the eye left and right, up and down. | Oculomotor |
| Steps of vision: | Light hits the cornea, through Aquaeous Humor, through Iris via pupil, back through Aquaeous Humor to lens, through Vitrous Humor, then to retina via rods & cones, to optic nerve, then crosses at optic chiasma, into occipital lobe for intrepretation. |
| The point where light crosses on the optical nerve is called | Optic Chiasma |
| Makes up the Ear: | Outer Ear, Middle Ear, Inner Ear |
| Makes up the Outer Ear: | Pinna or Auricle and External Auditory Canal |
| Makes up the Middle Ear: | Malleous, Incus, Stapes and Tympanic Membrane |
| Makes up the Inner Ear and are mechanoreceptors: | Semicircular Canals, Cochlea, Vestibule |
| Captures Sound and funnels to the head | Pinna or Auricle |
| Lined with ciliary and ceruminous glands, helps to keep harmful things away from the ear | External Auditory Canal |
| Known as the eardrum, vibrates from sound | Tympanic Membrane |
| 3 Bones of the middle ear: | Malleous, Incus and Stapes |
| Helps the ear determine where it is in space | Semicircular Canals |
| Seashell shaped contains endolymph and has inner ear receptors | Cochlea |
| A bony chamber located between the cochlea and the semicircular canals. Houses membranous structures that serve hearing and equilibrium | Vestibule |
| 2 types of fluid found in the ear | Endolymph and Perilymph |
| Contains about 16,000 hearing receptor cells. Is the hearing sections of the ear. | Organ of Corti |
| Four parallel rows of cells with many hair-like processes that extend into the endolymph of the cochlear duct. Are proprioreceptors and mechanoreceptors. | Hair cells |
| Hair-like processes in the ear, helps make up Hair cells. | Stereocilia |
| Tent-like structure over the hearing portion of the ear | Tectorial membrane |
| Rupture of the ear drum or repetitive noise which can scar the ear drum | Hearing loss |
| Steps of hearing: | Starts in Pinna, External Accoustic Meatus, Tympanic, Malleous, Incus, Stapes, Oval Window, Endolymph & Periplymph fluid, Organ of Corti, Tectoral membrane, hair cells derforms, transmits Vestibulocochlear nerve to temporal lobe for intrepretation |
| 2 types of Equilibrium | Static Equilibrium and Dynamic Equilibrium |
| Is stationary for balancing. Knowing orientation while standing still. Has hair cells on the surface that deform to let your body know where it is. | Static Equilibrium |
| A jelly-like substance that reports the position of the head while moving | Macula |
| Knowing where you are in space while you are moving. Located in the semicircular canals. | Dynamic Equilibrium |
| Crystals in the head along the hair cells that help with equilibrium | Otolith |
| Gelatinous fluid that swells around the ending of the semicircular canal. | Ampulla |
| When the head moves, this also moves and deforms the hair cells and will adjust to the new equilibrium | Cupula |
| Another term for taste | Gustation |
| 4 tastebuds | Sweet, Salty, Sour, Bitter |
| Tastebud on the front tip of the tongue | Sweet |
| Tastebud on the lateral, anterior aspect of the tongue | Salty |
| Tastebud on the posterior, lateral aspect of the tongue | Sour |
| Tastebud on the posterior, middle aspect of the tongue. | Bitter |
| Receptors embedded in the tongue for taste | Tastebuds |
| Receptors located in the epithelium of the superior region of the nasal cavity | Smell or Olfaction |
| These bulbs sit on the cribform plate, so the sense of smell hit the Olfactory nerve, which leads to the brain, associating smell with memory. | Olfactory bulbs |
| Where you are in space | Position or Equilibrium |
| Widely distributed free nerve endings, internal visceral receptors. | Pain |
| Free nerve endings, receptors not enclosed in capsules. | Temperature |
Created by:
FKrouse
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