A&P II - chapter 13
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| Endocrine system | Ductless glands - secretes hormones directly into bloodstream
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| Pituitary gland | "Master gland" secretes hormones that control functions of other glands (hypophysis)
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| Anterior pituitary gland | Adenohypophysis - secrets growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone,thyroid stimulating hormone, lactogenic hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, melanocytes-stimulating hormone
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| Posterior pituitary gland | Neuropypophysis - secretes antiduretic hormone, oxytocin
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| Growth hormone GH | aka somatotropin hormone (STH) - regulates growth of bones, muscles and other body tissues
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| Adrenocorticotropic ACTH | Stimulates normal growth and development of adrenal cortex and secretion of corticosteroids
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| Thyroid stimulating hormones TSH | Promotes and maintains normal growth and development of thyroid gland - stimulates secretions of thyroid hormones -secreted by pituitary gland
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| lactogenic hormone LTH | aka prolactin - promotes development of breasts during pregnancy & stimulates secretion of milk from breasts after delivery
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| follicle-stimulating hormone FSH | stimulates secretion of estrogen and production of eggs in ovaries - also stimulates production of sperm in testes
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| luteinizing hormone LH | stimulates female ovulation and secretion of testosterone
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| melanoctye-stimulation hormone MSH | controls intensity of pigmentation
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| antidiuretic hormone ADH | aka vasopressin - decreases excretion of large amts of urine from body by increasing reabsorption of water by renal tubules
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| oxytocin OT | stimulates contractions of uterus during childbirth and release of milk from breasts
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| glucose | simplest form of sugar in the body
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| cortex | outer region of any organ or structure
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| complications of hypercalcemia | muscle weakness, atrophy, nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal pain, increased irritability of heart muscle (arrhythmia), bone tenderness, fragility - high levels of calcium in blood and low levels in bones
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| complications of hypocalcemia | nerve and muscle weakness w/muscle spasm or tetany
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| tetany | state of continual contraction of muscles
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| endocrinologist | specialist in endocrine system
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| acromegaly | condition of pituitary gland AFTER puberty - enlargement and elongation of bones of face, jaw and extremities
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| polyuria | excessive uriniation
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| glycosuria | sugar in urine
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| hypoglycemia | low blood sugar
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| Grave's disease | hyperthyroidism - high body metabolism - hypertrophy of thyroid gland
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| acute pancreatitis | chronic destructive inflammation condition of pancreas
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| HBA1c test | shows average level of glucose in blood in last several mos - for diabetes mellitis types I & II
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| goiter | hyperplasia of thyroid gland
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| gestational diabetes | symptoms of diabetes appear during pregnancy
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| diabetes mellitius | insulin disorder associated with pancreas
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| adenoma | glandular tumor
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| adenopathy | disease of the gland characterized by enlargement
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| polyphagia | excessive eating/hunger
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| virilism | development of masculine traits in women - due to dysfunction of adrenal gland
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| GTT test | glucose tolerance test - how well your body cells are able to absorb sugar after you ingest given amt of sugar
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| FBS | fasting blood sugar - used to diagnose diabetes - measure blood glucose levels after a period of fasting
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| thyroid function test | measures blood levels of T3, T4 and TSH hormones
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| thyroid scan | examination that tests determines position, size, shape and physiological function of thyroid
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| NIDDM | non-insulin dependent diabetes - diabetes mellitius type 2
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| TSH | thyroid stimulating hormone - secreted by anterior pituitary gland - test measures concentration of TSH in blood
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| adrenalectomy | surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands
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| diabetic retionpathy | disorder of blood vessels of the retina where capillaries of the retina bulge
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| dwarfism | abnormal underdevelopment of body caused by under secretion of pituitary gland - HGH during puberty
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| Cushing's syndrome | condition of adrenal gland - excessive amounts of cortisol or ACTH in the blood "moon face" edema, obesity, buffalo hump
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| pineal gland | pine-cone shaped gland - supports body's biological clock - secretes melatonin
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| thyroid gland | secretes trilodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) - helps control metabolism and body temperature
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| parathyroid glands | secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH) - aka parathormone - regulates level of calcium in blood
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| adrenal cortex | secretes gonadocorticoids - secondary sex characteristics
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| adrenal medulla | secretes catecholamines - epinephrine = adrenaline which activates sympathetic nervous system and glycolysis and norepinephrine = noradrenaline which constricts arteries and vessels to raise blood pressure
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| pancreas | islets of Langerhans secrets glucagon (glycolysis) when hypoglycemic and insulin (glycogenesis)
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| ovaries | secretes estrogen - maturation of ovum, uterine lining, secondary sex characteristics & progesterone - responsible for changes w/in uterus in anticipation of fertilized ovum
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| testes | secretes testosterone - secondary sex characteristics with onset of puberty, maturation of sperm. Testes responsible for production of sperm and secretion of androgens (male steroid hormones)
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| gigantism | occurs BEFORE puberty - overgrowth of body's tissues due to hypersecretion of HGH
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| exophthalmia | unnatural protrusion of the eyes - result of Grave's or hypothyroidism
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| myxedema | most severe form of hypothyroidism
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| hyperparathyroidism | aka hypercalcemia - leads to high levels of calcium in blood and low levels in bones
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| Addison's disease | autoimmune disease where adrenal cortex fails to secret enough mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
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| diabetes mellitus type 1 | IDDM - usually occurs before 30 yrs, sudden onset, insulin dependent
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| diabetes mellitus type 2 | NIDDM - occurs after 30 yrs in obese individuals, controlled through diet and exercise (not insulin)
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| polydipsia | excessive thirst
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| hirsutism | excessive body hair in male distribution pattern in women
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