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Endocrine
A&P II - chapter 13
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Endocrine system | Ductless glands - secretes hormones directly into bloodstream |
| Pituitary gland | "Master gland" secretes hormones that control functions of other glands (hypophysis) |
| Anterior pituitary gland | Adenohypophysis - secrets growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone,thyroid stimulating hormone, lactogenic hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, melanocytes-stimulating hormone |
| Posterior pituitary gland | Neuropypophysis - secretes antiduretic hormone, oxytocin |
| Growth hormone GH | aka somatotropin hormone (STH) - regulates growth of bones, muscles and other body tissues |
| Adrenocorticotropic ACTH | Stimulates normal growth and development of adrenal cortex and secretion of corticosteroids |
| Thyroid stimulating hormones TSH | Promotes and maintains normal growth and development of thyroid gland - stimulates secretions of thyroid hormones -secreted by pituitary gland |
| lactogenic hormone LTH | aka prolactin - promotes development of breasts during pregnancy & stimulates secretion of milk from breasts after delivery |
| follicle-stimulating hormone FSH | stimulates secretion of estrogen and production of eggs in ovaries - also stimulates production of sperm in testes |
| luteinizing hormone LH | stimulates female ovulation and secretion of testosterone |
| melanoctye-stimulation hormone MSH | controls intensity of pigmentation |
| antidiuretic hormone ADH | aka vasopressin - decreases excretion of large amts of urine from body by increasing reabsorption of water by renal tubules |
| oxytocin OT | stimulates contractions of uterus during childbirth and release of milk from breasts |
| glucose | simplest form of sugar in the body |
| cortex | outer region of any organ or structure |
| complications of hypercalcemia | muscle weakness, atrophy, nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal pain, increased irritability of heart muscle (arrhythmia), bone tenderness, fragility - high levels of calcium in blood and low levels in bones |
| complications of hypocalcemia | nerve and muscle weakness w/muscle spasm or tetany |
| tetany | state of continual contraction of muscles |
| endocrinologist | specialist in endocrine system |
| acromegaly | condition of pituitary gland AFTER puberty - enlargement and elongation of bones of face, jaw and extremities |
| polyuria | excessive uriniation |
| glycosuria | sugar in urine |
| hypoglycemia | low blood sugar |
| Grave's disease | hyperthyroidism - high body metabolism - hypertrophy of thyroid gland |
| acute pancreatitis | chronic destructive inflammation condition of pancreas |
| HBA1c test | shows average level of glucose in blood in last several mos - for diabetes mellitis types I & II |
| goiter | hyperplasia of thyroid gland |
| gestational diabetes | symptoms of diabetes appear during pregnancy |
| diabetes mellitius | insulin disorder associated with pancreas |
| adenoma | glandular tumor |
| adenopathy | disease of the gland characterized by enlargement |
| polyphagia | excessive eating/hunger |
| virilism | development of masculine traits in women - due to dysfunction of adrenal gland |
| GTT test | glucose tolerance test - how well your body cells are able to absorb sugar after you ingest given amt of sugar |
| FBS | fasting blood sugar - used to diagnose diabetes - measure blood glucose levels after a period of fasting |
| thyroid function test | measures blood levels of T3, T4 and TSH hormones |
| thyroid scan | examination that tests determines position, size, shape and physiological function of thyroid |
| NIDDM | non-insulin dependent diabetes - diabetes mellitius type 2 |
| TSH | thyroid stimulating hormone - secreted by anterior pituitary gland - test measures concentration of TSH in blood |
| adrenalectomy | surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands |
| diabetic retionpathy | disorder of blood vessels of the retina where capillaries of the retina bulge |
| dwarfism | abnormal underdevelopment of body caused by under secretion of pituitary gland - HGH during puberty |
| Cushing's syndrome | condition of adrenal gland - excessive amounts of cortisol or ACTH in the blood "moon face" edema, obesity, buffalo hump |
| pineal gland | pine-cone shaped gland - supports body's biological clock - secretes melatonin |
| thyroid gland | secretes trilodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) - helps control metabolism and body temperature |
| parathyroid glands | secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH) - aka parathormone - regulates level of calcium in blood |
| adrenal cortex | secretes gonadocorticoids - secondary sex characteristics |
| adrenal medulla | secretes catecholamines - epinephrine = adrenaline which activates sympathetic nervous system and glycolysis and norepinephrine = noradrenaline which constricts arteries and vessels to raise blood pressure |
| pancreas | islets of Langerhans secrets glucagon (glycolysis) when hypoglycemic and insulin (glycogenesis) |
| ovaries | secretes estrogen - maturation of ovum, uterine lining, secondary sex characteristics & progesterone - responsible for changes w/in uterus in anticipation of fertilized ovum |
| testes | secretes testosterone - secondary sex characteristics with onset of puberty, maturation of sperm. Testes responsible for production of sperm and secretion of androgens (male steroid hormones) |
| gigantism | occurs BEFORE puberty - overgrowth of body's tissues due to hypersecretion of HGH |
| exophthalmia | unnatural protrusion of the eyes - result of Grave's or hypothyroidism |
| myxedema | most severe form of hypothyroidism |
| hyperparathyroidism | aka hypercalcemia - leads to high levels of calcium in blood and low levels in bones |
| Addison's disease | autoimmune disease where adrenal cortex fails to secret enough mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids |
| diabetes mellitus type 1 | IDDM - usually occurs before 30 yrs, sudden onset, insulin dependent |
| diabetes mellitus type 2 | NIDDM - occurs after 30 yrs in obese individuals, controlled through diet and exercise (not insulin) |
| polydipsia | excessive thirst |
| hirsutism | excessive body hair in male distribution pattern in women |
Created by:
gcjlentz
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