A&P II Chapter 15
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| another name for digestive system | gastrointestinal tract
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| medical term for lip | cheil/o
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| medical term for gall bladder | cholecyst/o
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| medical term for bile duct | choled/o; cholangi/o
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| medical term for stomach | gastr/o
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| medical term for liver | hepat/o
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| papille | upper surface of tongue which contains taste buds
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| three pairs of salivary glands | parotids, submandibulars, sublinguals
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| where does esophagus receive food from | pharynx
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| stomach contains | fundus, body, pylorus, lesser curvature, greater curvature, pyloric sphincter, rugae
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| stomach secretes | pepsin and hydrochloric acid for digestion
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| accessory organs of digestion | salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas
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| appendicitis | inflammation of the vermiform appendix
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| peritonitis | inflammation of peritoneum
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| cholelithiasis | stone in gall bladder
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| choledocholithiasis | stone in common bile duct
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| chyme | liquid like structure of partially digested food in the stomach
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| gingiva | gums
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| gingivitis | inflammation of the gingiva (gums) that can lead to bleeding gums
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| glycogenesis | conversion of simple sugars (glucose) into a complex form of sugar (starch) for storage in the liver
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| hematemesis | vomiting of blood
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| emesis | vomitus - material expelled from stomach
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| hiatal hernia | protrusion of stomach through diaphragm due to enlarge cardiac sphincter
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| another name for hiatal hernia | diaphragmatic hernia
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| hyperemisis | severe vomiting
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| umbilical hernia | protrusion of intestine from umbilicus due to abdominal wall weakness
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| bolus | food becomes a ball like mass after chewing and mixed with saliva
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| borborygmi | gurgling, tinkling sound produced by hyperactive intestinal peristalsis - heard with a stethoscope
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| peristalsis | muscle movement - wavelike contractions
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| cheiloplasty | surgical repair of the lips
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| colostomy | surgical creation of new opening in abdominal wall through which feces is expelled
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| appendectomy | surgical removal of inflamed appendix
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| cholecystectomy | surgical removal of gall bladder
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| colonoscopy | visualization of lining of the large intestine (up to the ileoseceal joint) using fiber optic coloscope
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| stool analysis for occult blood | microscopic examination of feces for blood - not visible by naked eye
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| icterus | yellow discoloration of skin, mucous membrane and sclera of the eyes caused by high amounts of bilirubin
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| another name for icterus | jaundice
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| aphagia | inability to swallow
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| melena | abnormal black, tarry stool containing digested blood
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| glycogenolysis | breakdown of glycogen into glucose by the liver - in response to low blood sugar levels
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| glycogen | form of sugar stored in body cells, primarily the liver
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| insulin | hormone that makes it possible for glucose to pass from the blood through the cell membranes to be used for energy
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| hernia | protrusion of an organ or part of an organ through the wall of a cavity
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| hemorrhoids | vericostus or engorgement of veins in the lower rectum
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| femoral hernia | hernia near the groin area
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| digestive enzymes contained in saliva | amylase (carbs), lipase (fat)
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| villi | finger-like projections that surround blood capillaries which function in the absorption of nutrients
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| gall bladder | stores bile secreted from liver - releases into stomach only when needed
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| ase | breakdown/enzyme
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| digestive system structures | pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (30 feet long)
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| three parts of small intestine | duodenum (connected to sm intestine), jejunum, ileum (connected to large intestine)
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| parts of large intestine | cecum (attaches to sm intestine), ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus
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| cecum | part of large intestine that attaches to small intestine - appendix hangs from lower portion of cecum
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| pancreas | functions as exocrine gland to manufacture digestive juices, insulin and glucagon
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| mastication | chewing
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| deglutition | swallowing
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| GERD | gastro esophageal reflux disease - reflux of gastric contents into esophagus
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| IBS | irritable bowel syndrome - spastic colon - increased motility of small or large intestinal wall
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| abdominal ultrasound | use of sound waves to visualize internal organs of abdomen
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| abdominocentesis | aka paracentesis - surgical puncture or trocar into abdominal cavity to remove excess fluid
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| herniorrhaphy | surgical repair of hernia using sutures, mesh or wire
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| stool culture | collection of stool specimen placed on culture medium and allowed to grow to identify pathogens
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| stool guaiac | test on a stool specimen using guaiac as a reagent which identifies the presence of blood (the card that turns blue that Doreen showed us in class)
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| aphthous stomatitis | aka canker sore - inflammatory noninfectious ulcerated lesion on lips, tongue, inside cheeks of mouth
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| achalasia | decreased mobility of lower two-thirds of esophagus
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| hepatitis | inflammation of the liver
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| anus | sphincter muscle that elminates feces
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| digestion | breakdown of complex foods into simpler forms
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| elimination | act of removing materials from the body
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| defecation | elimination of feces from the digestive tract (anus)
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