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Digestive System
A&P II Chapter 15
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| another name for digestive system | gastrointestinal tract |
| medical term for lip | cheil/o |
| medical term for gall bladder | cholecyst/o |
| medical term for bile duct | choled/o; cholangi/o |
| medical term for stomach | gastr/o |
| medical term for liver | hepat/o |
| papille | upper surface of tongue which contains taste buds |
| three pairs of salivary glands | parotids, submandibulars, sublinguals |
| where does esophagus receive food from | pharynx |
| stomach contains | fundus, body, pylorus, lesser curvature, greater curvature, pyloric sphincter, rugae |
| stomach secretes | pepsin and hydrochloric acid for digestion |
| accessory organs of digestion | salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas |
| appendicitis | inflammation of the vermiform appendix |
| peritonitis | inflammation of peritoneum |
| cholelithiasis | stone in gall bladder |
| choledocholithiasis | stone in common bile duct |
| chyme | liquid like structure of partially digested food in the stomach |
| gingiva | gums |
| gingivitis | inflammation of the gingiva (gums) that can lead to bleeding gums |
| glycogenesis | conversion of simple sugars (glucose) into a complex form of sugar (starch) for storage in the liver |
| hematemesis | vomiting of blood |
| emesis | vomitus - material expelled from stomach |
| hiatal hernia | protrusion of stomach through diaphragm due to enlarge cardiac sphincter |
| another name for hiatal hernia | diaphragmatic hernia |
| hyperemisis | severe vomiting |
| umbilical hernia | protrusion of intestine from umbilicus due to abdominal wall weakness |
| bolus | food becomes a ball like mass after chewing and mixed with saliva |
| borborygmi | gurgling, tinkling sound produced by hyperactive intestinal peristalsis - heard with a stethoscope |
| peristalsis | muscle movement - wavelike contractions |
| cheiloplasty | surgical repair of the lips |
| colostomy | surgical creation of new opening in abdominal wall through which feces is expelled |
| appendectomy | surgical removal of inflamed appendix |
| cholecystectomy | surgical removal of gall bladder |
| colonoscopy | visualization of lining of the large intestine (up to the ileoseceal joint) using fiber optic coloscope |
| stool analysis for occult blood | microscopic examination of feces for blood - not visible by naked eye |
| icterus | yellow discoloration of skin, mucous membrane and sclera of the eyes caused by high amounts of bilirubin |
| another name for icterus | jaundice |
| aphagia | inability to swallow |
| melena | abnormal black, tarry stool containing digested blood |
| glycogenolysis | breakdown of glycogen into glucose by the liver - in response to low blood sugar levels |
| glycogen | form of sugar stored in body cells, primarily the liver |
| insulin | hormone that makes it possible for glucose to pass from the blood through the cell membranes to be used for energy |
| hernia | protrusion of an organ or part of an organ through the wall of a cavity |
| hemorrhoids | vericostus or engorgement of veins in the lower rectum |
| femoral hernia | hernia near the groin area |
| digestive enzymes contained in saliva | amylase (carbs), lipase (fat) |
| villi | finger-like projections that surround blood capillaries which function in the absorption of nutrients |
| gall bladder | stores bile secreted from liver - releases into stomach only when needed |
| ase | breakdown/enzyme |
| digestive system structures | pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (30 feet long) |
| three parts of small intestine | duodenum (connected to sm intestine), jejunum, ileum (connected to large intestine) |
| parts of large intestine | cecum (attaches to sm intestine), ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus |
| cecum | part of large intestine that attaches to small intestine - appendix hangs from lower portion of cecum |
| pancreas | functions as exocrine gland to manufacture digestive juices, insulin and glucagon |
| mastication | chewing |
| deglutition | swallowing |
| GERD | gastro esophageal reflux disease - reflux of gastric contents into esophagus |
| IBS | irritable bowel syndrome - spastic colon - increased motility of small or large intestinal wall |
| abdominal ultrasound | use of sound waves to visualize internal organs of abdomen |
| abdominocentesis | aka paracentesis - surgical puncture or trocar into abdominal cavity to remove excess fluid |
| herniorrhaphy | surgical repair of hernia using sutures, mesh or wire |
| stool culture | collection of stool specimen placed on culture medium and allowed to grow to identify pathogens |
| stool guaiac | test on a stool specimen using guaiac as a reagent which identifies the presence of blood (the card that turns blue that Doreen showed us in class) |
| aphthous stomatitis | aka canker sore - inflammatory noninfectious ulcerated lesion on lips, tongue, inside cheeks of mouth |
| achalasia | decreased mobility of lower two-thirds of esophagus |
| hepatitis | inflammation of the liver |
| anus | sphincter muscle that elminates feces |
| digestion | breakdown of complex foods into simpler forms |
| elimination | act of removing materials from the body |
| defecation | elimination of feces from the digestive tract (anus) |
Created by:
gcjlentz
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