Endocrine
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| Enlarged features, particularly the face and hands; caused by hypersecretion of (pituitary) Growth Hormone, after puberty. | Acromegaly
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| ACTH | Adrenocorticotropic
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| Addison's Disease | Chronic disorder of the adrenal glands caused by deficiency of cortical hormones.
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| Adenoma | Tumor of the gland.
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| ADH | Antidiuretic Hormone-Vasopressin: promotes reabsorption of water in the kidneys. Released by posterior pituitary.
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| Adrenal Cortex | Outer section of the adrenal gland which secretes steroids.
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| Adrenalectomy | Surgical excision of an adrenal gland.
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| Adrenal Glands | Two bean-shaped glands situated on top of the kidneys which secrete steroid and sex hormones.
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| Adrenal Medulla | Inner section of the adrenal gland which secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
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| Aldosterone | Steroid produced in the adrenal cortex. Is essential to life. Maintains sodium and potassium levels.
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| Atrophy | Lack of development
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| Cortisol | A glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex.
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| Cushing's Syndrome | Disorder caused by hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex, resulting in excessive production of steroids. Causing moonface, fatigue, high blood pressure and hirsutism.
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| Diabetes Insipidus | Disorder more common in the young, caused by inadequate secretion of the antidiuretic hormone, which causes excessive thirst and excessive secretion of urine.
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| Diabetes Mellitus | A common pancreatic disorder involving insulin secretion into the blood, either in too much or too little quantities, complete insulin deficiency in children caused by destruction of beta cells.
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| Diuresis | Increased excretion of urine.
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| Dwarfism | A condition of being abnormally small; may be hereditary or an endocrine dysfunction.
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| Endocrinology | The study of ductless glands, their secretions, and their function of homeostasis.
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| Epinephrine | Adrenaline-produced in the adrenal medulla. Increases heart rate, fat metabolism for energy, and dilates the bronchial tubes; raises blood pressure.
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| Exophthalmos | Protrusion of eyes due to swelling in tissues; often associated with Graves' Disease.
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| FBS | Fasting Blood Sugar.
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| FSH | Follicle Stimulating Hormone.
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| GH | Growth Hormone. Also known as PGH.
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| Gigantism | Abnormal overgrowth of the entire body caused by hypersecretion of Pituitary Growth Hormone before puberty.
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| Glucogenesis | Formation of glucose from glycogen.
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| Glucagon | Hormone secreted by the pancreas which increases the amount of glucose in the blood.
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| Glucocorticoids | Steroids in the adrenal cortex that influence the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and protiens.
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| Glycogen | Substance in which carbohydrates are stored in the liver for future conversion to sugar.
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| Glucose | The most important carbohydrate(sugar) in body metabolism.
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| Glucosuria | Glucose in the urine.
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| Graves' Disease | Disorder of the thyroid-hyperthyroidism. Characterized by abnormal weight loss, muscular weakness, and emotional instability.
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| GTT | Glucose Tolerance Test
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| HCG | Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
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| HDL | High Density Lipoproteins
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| Hirsutism | A condition of abnormal hairiness, especially in females.
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| Homestasis | A state of stable internal environmentof the body.
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| Hormones | Secretions of endocrine glands which regulate function of the body.
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| Hyperglycemia | Excessive amount of sugar in the blood.
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| Hyperinsulinism | Excessive amount of insulin in the blood-insulin shock.
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| Hypersecretion | Excessive secretion.
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| Hypocalcemia | Abnormally low amount of calcium in the blood.
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| Hypoglycemia | Too little sugar in the blood.
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| Hypogonadism | Under-development of internal secretions of male sex glands.
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| Hypokalemia | Extreme depletion of potassium in the blood usually lost in diuresis.
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| Hyponatremia | Extreme depletion of sodium in the blood, usually through diuresis.
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| Hyposecretion | Inadequate secretion.
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| ICF | Intracellular fluid.
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| ICSH | Interstitial cell stimulating hormone.
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| Insulin | A hormone secreted by the Islets of Langerhans. Essential for metabolism of blood sugar. A hormone that lowers blood glucose levels by enabling the cell to take glucose in. Can also be made synthetically and given by injection.
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| Islets of Langerhans | Clusters of cells in the pancreas which produce insulin and glucagon.
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| ITT | Insulin Tolerance Test
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| Ketoacidosis | An acute stage of diabetes mellitus characterized by hypotension and, eventually coma.
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| LDL | Low Density Lipoproteins
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| LH | Luteinizing Hormone
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| LTH | Lactogenic Hormone (prolactin)
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| Metabolism | Process in which substances are broken down or built up during chemical reactions that are necessary to maintain life.
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| MSH | Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone, (melanin)
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| Mineralcorticoids | Hormones in the adrenal cortex that regulate water and mineral salts (electrolytes) in the body.
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| Norepinephrine | Noradrenaline; produced in the adrenal medulla. Increases blood pressure and constricts vessels.
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| NPH | Neutral Protamine Hagedorn - a synthetic insulin.
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| Obesity | Excessive accumulation of fat in the body.
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| Oral Hypoglycemics | Medications used to stimulate the pancreas to secrete insulin.
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| Pancreas | An organ that contains group of cells called the Islets of Langerhans which produce endocrine secretions, such as insulin and glucagon.
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| Parathyroid | Four separate glands that are located on the posterior glands surfaces of the lobes of the thyroid gland. Main purpose to increase blood calcium levels.
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| PGH | Pituitary Growth Hormone
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| Pineal Gland | Pine-cone shaped gland that is attached to the posterior part of the third ventricle of the brain which secretes melatonin.
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| Pituitary Gland | Hypophisis; pea-shaped gland that is located at the base of the brain.
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| Polydipsia | Excessive thirst
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| Polyphagia | A condition of eating abnormally large amounts of food.
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| Polyuria | Excessive secretion of urine.
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| PTH | Parathyroid Hormone
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| RAIU | Radioactive Iodine Uptake Test on the thyroid gland.
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| Serum Glucose Tests | Blood tests to aid in the diagnosis of insulin deficiency.
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| Somatotropin | Human growth hormone found in the anterior pituitary lobe. Released by posterior pituitary.
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| Thyroid Echogram | Ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland.
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| Thyroidectomy | Surgical excision of the thyroid gland.
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| Thyroid Gland | Largest gland in the endcrine system. Located in the neck just below the larnyx. Appears as two lobes divided by an isthmus.
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| Thyrotoxic | Thyroid poisoning
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| Thyrotoxicosis | Abnormal condition of poisoning of the thyroid gland.
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| Thyroxine(t4) | One of the two major hormones produced by the thyroid. Regulates metabolism and energy levels.
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| Triiodothyronine(t3) | One of the two major hormones produced, stored and released by the thyroid gland.
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| TSH | Thyroid Stimulating Hormone.
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