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Words & meanings
Endocrine
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Enlarged features, particularly the face and hands; caused by hypersecretion of (pituitary) Growth Hormone, after puberty. | Acromegaly |
| ACTH | Adrenocorticotropic |
| Addison's Disease | Chronic disorder of the adrenal glands caused by deficiency of cortical hormones. |
| Adenoma | Tumor of the gland. |
| ADH | Antidiuretic Hormone-Vasopressin: promotes reabsorption of water in the kidneys. Released by posterior pituitary. |
| Adrenal Cortex | Outer section of the adrenal gland which secretes steroids. |
| Adrenalectomy | Surgical excision of an adrenal gland. |
| Adrenal Glands | Two bean-shaped glands situated on top of the kidneys which secrete steroid and sex hormones. |
| Adrenal Medulla | Inner section of the adrenal gland which secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine. |
| Aldosterone | Steroid produced in the adrenal cortex. Is essential to life. Maintains sodium and potassium levels. |
| Atrophy | Lack of development |
| Cortisol | A glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex. |
| Cushing's Syndrome | Disorder caused by hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex, resulting in excessive production of steroids. Causing moonface, fatigue, high blood pressure and hirsutism. |
| Diabetes Insipidus | Disorder more common in the young, caused by inadequate secretion of the antidiuretic hormone, which causes excessive thirst and excessive secretion of urine. |
| Diabetes Mellitus | A common pancreatic disorder involving insulin secretion into the blood, either in too much or too little quantities, complete insulin deficiency in children caused by destruction of beta cells. |
| Diuresis | Increased excretion of urine. |
| Dwarfism | A condition of being abnormally small; may be hereditary or an endocrine dysfunction. |
| Endocrinology | The study of ductless glands, their secretions, and their function of homeostasis. |
| Epinephrine | Adrenaline-produced in the adrenal medulla. Increases heart rate, fat metabolism for energy, and dilates the bronchial tubes; raises blood pressure. |
| Exophthalmos | Protrusion of eyes due to swelling in tissues; often associated with Graves' Disease. |
| FBS | Fasting Blood Sugar. |
| FSH | Follicle Stimulating Hormone. |
| GH | Growth Hormone. Also known as PGH. |
| Gigantism | Abnormal overgrowth of the entire body caused by hypersecretion of Pituitary Growth Hormone before puberty. |
| Glucogenesis | Formation of glucose from glycogen. |
| Glucagon | Hormone secreted by the pancreas which increases the amount of glucose in the blood. |
| Glucocorticoids | Steroids in the adrenal cortex that influence the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and protiens. |
| Glycogen | Substance in which carbohydrates are stored in the liver for future conversion to sugar. |
| Glucose | The most important carbohydrate(sugar) in body metabolism. |
| Glucosuria | Glucose in the urine. |
| Graves' Disease | Disorder of the thyroid-hyperthyroidism. Characterized by abnormal weight loss, muscular weakness, and emotional instability. |
| GTT | Glucose Tolerance Test |
| HCG | Human Chorionic Gonadotropin |
| HDL | High Density Lipoproteins |
| Hirsutism | A condition of abnormal hairiness, especially in females. |
| Homestasis | A state of stable internal environmentof the body. |
| Hormones | Secretions of endocrine glands which regulate function of the body. |
| Hyperglycemia | Excessive amount of sugar in the blood. |
| Hyperinsulinism | Excessive amount of insulin in the blood-insulin shock. |
| Hypersecretion | Excessive secretion. |
| Hypocalcemia | Abnormally low amount of calcium in the blood. |
| Hypoglycemia | Too little sugar in the blood. |
| Hypogonadism | Under-development of internal secretions of male sex glands. |
| Hypokalemia | Extreme depletion of potassium in the blood usually lost in diuresis. |
| Hyponatremia | Extreme depletion of sodium in the blood, usually through diuresis. |
| Hyposecretion | Inadequate secretion. |
| ICF | Intracellular fluid. |
| ICSH | Interstitial cell stimulating hormone. |
| Insulin | A hormone secreted by the Islets of Langerhans. Essential for metabolism of blood sugar. A hormone that lowers blood glucose levels by enabling the cell to take glucose in. Can also be made synthetically and given by injection. |
| Islets of Langerhans | Clusters of cells in the pancreas which produce insulin and glucagon. |
| ITT | Insulin Tolerance Test |
| Ketoacidosis | An acute stage of diabetes mellitus characterized by hypotension and, eventually coma. |
| LDL | Low Density Lipoproteins |
| LH | Luteinizing Hormone |
| LTH | Lactogenic Hormone (prolactin) |
| Metabolism | Process in which substances are broken down or built up during chemical reactions that are necessary to maintain life. |
| MSH | Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone, (melanin) |
| Mineralcorticoids | Hormones in the adrenal cortex that regulate water and mineral salts (electrolytes) in the body. |
| Norepinephrine | Noradrenaline; produced in the adrenal medulla. Increases blood pressure and constricts vessels. |
| NPH | Neutral Protamine Hagedorn - a synthetic insulin. |
| Obesity | Excessive accumulation of fat in the body. |
| Oral Hypoglycemics | Medications used to stimulate the pancreas to secrete insulin. |
| Pancreas | An organ that contains group of cells called the Islets of Langerhans which produce endocrine secretions, such as insulin and glucagon. |
| Parathyroid | Four separate glands that are located on the posterior glands surfaces of the lobes of the thyroid gland. Main purpose to increase blood calcium levels. |
| PGH | Pituitary Growth Hormone |
| Pineal Gland | Pine-cone shaped gland that is attached to the posterior part of the third ventricle of the brain which secretes melatonin. |
| Pituitary Gland | Hypophisis; pea-shaped gland that is located at the base of the brain. |
| Polydipsia | Excessive thirst |
| Polyphagia | A condition of eating abnormally large amounts of food. |
| Polyuria | Excessive secretion of urine. |
| PTH | Parathyroid Hormone |
| RAIU | Radioactive Iodine Uptake Test on the thyroid gland. |
| Serum Glucose Tests | Blood tests to aid in the diagnosis of insulin deficiency. |
| Somatotropin | Human growth hormone found in the anterior pituitary lobe. Released by posterior pituitary. |
| Thyroid Echogram | Ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland. |
| Thyroidectomy | Surgical excision of the thyroid gland. |
| Thyroid Gland | Largest gland in the endcrine system. Located in the neck just below the larnyx. Appears as two lobes divided by an isthmus. |
| Thyrotoxic | Thyroid poisoning |
| Thyrotoxicosis | Abnormal condition of poisoning of the thyroid gland. |
| Thyroxine(t4) | One of the two major hormones produced by the thyroid. Regulates metabolism and energy levels. |
| Triiodothyronine(t3) | One of the two major hormones produced, stored and released by the thyroid gland. |
| TSH | Thyroid Stimulating Hormone. |
Created by:
Goldilocks
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