Muscles and Joints Vocab Chapter 7
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| Abduction | movement of a bone away from the midline of the body
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| Adduction | movement of a bone toward the midline of the body
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| Arthralgia | joint pain
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| Articular Cartilage | thin layer of cartilage protecting and covering the connecting surfaces of the bones
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| Articulation | point two bones meet; a joint
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| Ball-and-Socket Joint | joint that allows movements in many directions around a central point
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| Bunion | abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe
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| Bunionectomy | surgical removal of bunion
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| Bursa | small sac that contains synovial fluid for lubricating the area around a joint
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| Closed Manipulation | manual forcing of joint back into its original position without making an incision
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| Closed Reduction | manipulation
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| Dorsiflexion | bending foot backward, or upward, at ankle
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| Extension | straightening motion that increase the angle between 2 bones
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| Flexion | bending motion that decreases the angle between 2 bones
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| Ganglionectomy | surgical removal of a ganglion
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| Hinge Joint | joint that allows movement in one direction; a back-and-forth motion
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| Joint Cavity | space between 2 connecting bones
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| Kyphosis | humpback
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| Ligaments | connective tissue bands that join bone to bone, offering support to the joint
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| Malaise | a vague feeling of weakness
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| Needle Aspiration | needle insertion into a cavity to withdraw fluid
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| Photosensitivity | increased reaction of the skin to exposure to sunlight
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| Plantar Flexion | bending the foot downward, at the ankle, as in ballet dancing
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| Pronation | act of turning the palm down or backward
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| Rotation | turning of a bone on its own axis
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| Subluxation | an incomplete dislocation
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| Supination | act of turning the palm up or forward
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| Suture | an immovable joint
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| Synovial Fluid | thick lubricating fluid located in synovial joints
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| Synovial Membrane | lining of a synovial joint cavity
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| Viscous | sticky; gelatinous
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| Arthralgia | joint pain
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| Ataxia | without muscular coordination
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| Atrophy | wasting away; without development
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| Cardiac Muscle | forms the wall of the heart; involuntary muscle
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| Dyskinesia | "bad or difficult movement"
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| Epicondylitis | inflammation and pain in elbow; tennis elbow
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| Fascia | sheets of fibrous connective tissue that penetrate and cover the entire muscle
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| Fibromyalgia | chronic condition with widespread muscle and body pain
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| Insertion | point of attachment of a muscle to a bone it moves
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| Involuntary Muscles | muscles that act without conscious control
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| Muscle Fiber | individual muscle cell
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| Myoparesis | slight or partial muscle paralysis
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| Origin | point of attachment of a muscle to a bone that is less movable
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| Pelvic Girdle Weakness | weakness of the muscles of the pelvic girdle
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| Pseudohypertrophic Muscular Dystrophy | Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
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| Sarcopenia | loss of skeletal muscle mass that occurs with aging
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| Skeletal Muscle | muscles that attach to the bones of the skeleton; act voluntarily
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| Smooth Muscle | muscles found in the walls of hollow organs and tubes; act involuntarily
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| Striated Muscle | muscles that have a striped appearance
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| Tendon | strong fibrous band of tissue that extends from muscle to bone
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| Torso | trunk
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| Trunk | main part to body; head and extremities are attached; torso
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| Visceral Muscle | muscles of the internal organs; smooth muscle
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| Voluntary Muscle | operate under conscious control
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| Gout | acute arthritis; inflammation of great toe
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| Ganglion | cystic tumor developing on a tendon; sometimes on back of wrist
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| Herniated Disk | rupture of the central portion, or nucleus, of the disk wall and into the spinal canal
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| Lyme Disease | acute, recurrent, inflammatory infection from tic bite
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| Osteoarthritis | degenerative joint disease; most common form of arthritis; on weight bearing joints (hips and knees)
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| Rheumatoid Arthritis | chronic, systemic, inflammatory disease affects multiple joints
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| Sprain | injury involving the ligaments that surround and support a joint
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| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) | chronic inflammatory connective-tissue disease affecting the skin, joints, nervous system, kidneys, lungs and other organs
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| Arthrogram | an x-ray of a joint after injection of a contrast medium
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| Arthrography | process of x-raying the inside of a joint after a contrast medium is injected
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| Arthroplasty | surgical reconstruction of a joint
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| Arthroscopy | visualization of the interior of a joint by using an endoscope
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| Rheumatoid Factor | blood test that measures the presence of unusual antibodies that develop in a connective tissue disease
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| Erythrocyte Sed Rate | blood test that measures the rate erythrocytes settle to the bottom of a test tube filled with unclotted blood
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| What tissue type is responsible for the movement of the body? | Muscle
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| Dorsal or pertaining to the back of the body | Posterior
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| Appendix is located in the... | Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
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| Which muscle is most likely to be injured in a rotator cuff tear? | Supraspinatus
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| Major Muscle of Rear End | Gluteus Maximus
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| Bony prominence on the side of the ankle joint: | Lateral Malleolus
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| What joint has the posterior cruciate and anterior cruciate ligaments? | Knee
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| What joint has the pubofemoral and iliofemoral ligaments? | Hip
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| Joint that allows you to nod your head: | Atlanto-Occipital
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| Moving a body part away from the midline: | Abduction
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| Bending to decrease the angle between two bones: | Flexion
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| The hamstring muscles include: | Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus
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| In a rotator cuff tear, where are the ligaments torn away from the bone? | Around the humerus
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| Inner, jelly-like portion of the intervertebral disc | Nucleus Pulposus
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| Paraplegia | paralysis of the lower extremities
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