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Muscles and Joints
Muscles and Joints Vocab Chapter 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Abduction | movement of a bone away from the midline of the body |
| Adduction | movement of a bone toward the midline of the body |
| Arthralgia | joint pain |
| Articular Cartilage | thin layer of cartilage protecting and covering the connecting surfaces of the bones |
| Articulation | point two bones meet; a joint |
| Ball-and-Socket Joint | joint that allows movements in many directions around a central point |
| Bunion | abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe |
| Bunionectomy | surgical removal of bunion |
| Bursa | small sac that contains synovial fluid for lubricating the area around a joint |
| Closed Manipulation | manual forcing of joint back into its original position without making an incision |
| Closed Reduction | manipulation |
| Dorsiflexion | bending foot backward, or upward, at ankle |
| Extension | straightening motion that increase the angle between 2 bones |
| Flexion | bending motion that decreases the angle between 2 bones |
| Ganglionectomy | surgical removal of a ganglion |
| Hinge Joint | joint that allows movement in one direction; a back-and-forth motion |
| Joint Cavity | space between 2 connecting bones |
| Kyphosis | humpback |
| Ligaments | connective tissue bands that join bone to bone, offering support to the joint |
| Malaise | a vague feeling of weakness |
| Needle Aspiration | needle insertion into a cavity to withdraw fluid |
| Photosensitivity | increased reaction of the skin to exposure to sunlight |
| Plantar Flexion | bending the foot downward, at the ankle, as in ballet dancing |
| Pronation | act of turning the palm down or backward |
| Rotation | turning of a bone on its own axis |
| Subluxation | an incomplete dislocation |
| Supination | act of turning the palm up or forward |
| Suture | an immovable joint |
| Synovial Fluid | thick lubricating fluid located in synovial joints |
| Synovial Membrane | lining of a synovial joint cavity |
| Viscous | sticky; gelatinous |
| Arthralgia | joint pain |
| Ataxia | without muscular coordination |
| Atrophy | wasting away; without development |
| Cardiac Muscle | forms the wall of the heart; involuntary muscle |
| Dyskinesia | "bad or difficult movement" |
| Epicondylitis | inflammation and pain in elbow; tennis elbow |
| Fascia | sheets of fibrous connective tissue that penetrate and cover the entire muscle |
| Fibromyalgia | chronic condition with widespread muscle and body pain |
| Insertion | point of attachment of a muscle to a bone it moves |
| Involuntary Muscles | muscles that act without conscious control |
| Muscle Fiber | individual muscle cell |
| Myoparesis | slight or partial muscle paralysis |
| Origin | point of attachment of a muscle to a bone that is less movable |
| Pelvic Girdle Weakness | weakness of the muscles of the pelvic girdle |
| Pseudohypertrophic Muscular Dystrophy | Duchenne's muscular dystrophy |
| Sarcopenia | loss of skeletal muscle mass that occurs with aging |
| Skeletal Muscle | muscles that attach to the bones of the skeleton; act voluntarily |
| Smooth Muscle | muscles found in the walls of hollow organs and tubes; act involuntarily |
| Striated Muscle | muscles that have a striped appearance |
| Tendon | strong fibrous band of tissue that extends from muscle to bone |
| Torso | trunk |
| Trunk | main part to body; head and extremities are attached; torso |
| Visceral Muscle | muscles of the internal organs; smooth muscle |
| Voluntary Muscle | operate under conscious control |
| Gout | acute arthritis; inflammation of great toe |
| Ganglion | cystic tumor developing on a tendon; sometimes on back of wrist |
| Herniated Disk | rupture of the central portion, or nucleus, of the disk wall and into the spinal canal |
| Lyme Disease | acute, recurrent, inflammatory infection from tic bite |
| Osteoarthritis | degenerative joint disease; most common form of arthritis; on weight bearing joints (hips and knees) |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | chronic, systemic, inflammatory disease affects multiple joints |
| Sprain | injury involving the ligaments that surround and support a joint |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) | chronic inflammatory connective-tissue disease affecting the skin, joints, nervous system, kidneys, lungs and other organs |
| Arthrogram | an x-ray of a joint after injection of a contrast medium |
| Arthrography | process of x-raying the inside of a joint after a contrast medium is injected |
| Arthroplasty | surgical reconstruction of a joint |
| Arthroscopy | visualization of the interior of a joint by using an endoscope |
| Rheumatoid Factor | blood test that measures the presence of unusual antibodies that develop in a connective tissue disease |
| Erythrocyte Sed Rate | blood test that measures the rate erythrocytes settle to the bottom of a test tube filled with unclotted blood |
| What tissue type is responsible for the movement of the body? | Muscle |
| Dorsal or pertaining to the back of the body | Posterior |
| Appendix is located in the... | Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) |
| Which muscle is most likely to be injured in a rotator cuff tear? | Supraspinatus |
| Major Muscle of Rear End | Gluteus Maximus |
| Bony prominence on the side of the ankle joint: | Lateral Malleolus |
| What joint has the posterior cruciate and anterior cruciate ligaments? | Knee |
| What joint has the pubofemoral and iliofemoral ligaments? | Hip |
| Joint that allows you to nod your head: | Atlanto-Occipital |
| Moving a body part away from the midline: | Abduction |
| Bending to decrease the angle between two bones: | Flexion |
| The hamstring muscles include: | Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus |
| In a rotator cuff tear, where are the ligaments torn away from the bone? | Around the humerus |
| Inner, jelly-like portion of the intervertebral disc | Nucleus Pulposus |
| Paraplegia | paralysis of the lower extremities |
Created by:
wallace263
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