Action Potentials
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| What is the composition of extracellular and intracellular fluid? | show 🗑
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| Why is intracellular fluid more negatively charged than extracellular fluid despite the high concetration of positive potassium ions? | show 🗑
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| show | -70mV, it is measured when the cell is not processing a message
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| What are the two principles that govern movement of ions? | show 🗑
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| show | Diffusion pushes potassium ions out, but electrostatic pressure attracts potassium ions in.
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| Explain why Chloride ions remain in the cell during resting potential. Assume that ions move freely | show 🗑
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| Explain the movement of sodium ions during resting potential, assuming ions move freely | show 🗑
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| show | Most sodium channels are closed at rest. What little sodium leaked into the cell is removed by the sodium-potassium pumps.
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| During rest, what ion is allowed through by the membrane? | show 🗑
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| show | Positively charged sodium leaks into the cells
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| What happens in an action potential? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Sodium channels open very rapidly, potassium channels open very slowly.
2. Sodium channels open only for a while, and reopen only when near resting potential. Potassium channels remain open for longer.
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| show | A period when no stimulus whatsoever can produce another action potential.
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| show | A period when a cell can only respond to larger than normal input. More depolarization is needed to reach firing threshold.
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| What is all-or-none? | show 🗑
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| How do neurons respond to different levels of stimulus? | show 🗑
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| show | When an action potential reproduces itself down the length of an axon from the axon hillock.
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| show | It prevents action potentials from occurring in the previous length of axon. Thus, action potentials travel in one direction.
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| Describe propagation. | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Myelin prevents leakage of sodium ions as they move through axon -> fast travel
2. At nodes of Ranvier, another actionpotential is generated as concentration of ion channels is high.
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| show | In myelinated axons, the thing where action potential essentially zooms through the segments of axon covered by myelin.
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