A&P II Chapter 8
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Neuroglia | connective tissue for nervous system - provides support system for neurons - does not conduct impulses - protect nervous system through phagocytosis
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| three types of neuroglia cells | astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes
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| phagocytosis | engulfing bacteria of other microorganisms
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| astrocytes | star-shaped cells - largest & most numerous - found only in CNS - forms blood-brain barrier
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| neuron | functional unit of nerve cell - three basic parts are cell body, axon, dendrites
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| cell body (of neuron) | contains nucleus and cytoplasm
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| axon | carries impulses away from cell body - some are covered with myelin sheath
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| dendrites | conduct impulses toward cell body
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| synapse | space between two nerves - contains neurotransmitters
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| myelin sheath | protects axon and speeds transmission of impulses - acts like insulator - appears white making up white matter
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| brain and spinal chord | part of CNS - surrounded by meninges (membranes) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
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| sympathetic nerves | "fight or flight" regulate essential involuntary body functions - increased heart rate, blood pressure, constrict blood vessels
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| parasympathetic nerves | regulate essential involuntary body functions bringing body to restful state
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| autonomic nervous system | provides involuntary control - contains sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves
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| divisions of nervous system | central nervous system (CNS) contains brain and spinal chord & peripheral nervous system (PNS) contains 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves
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| peripheral nervous system (PNS) | somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
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| apraxia | inability to perform coordinated movements or use objects properly - NOT associated with sensory or motor impairment or paralysis
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| ataxia | without muscular coordination
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| agraphia | inability to convert one's thoughts into writing
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| aphasia | inability to communicate through speech, writing, or signs bc of an injury to or disease in certain areas of the brain
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| cerebral concussion | brief interruption of brain function, usually with loss of consciousness lasting for a few seconds. usually caused by blunt trauma to the head
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| cerebral contusions | small scattered venous hemorrhages in the brain - "bruise" of the brain tissue occurring when brain strikes inner skull
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| Bell's palsy | temporary or permanent unilateral weakness or paralysis of the muscles in the face
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| epilepsy | syndrome of recurring episodes of excessive irregular electrical activity of the brain resulting in involuntary muscle movements called seizures
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| hemiplagia | partial paralysis of one half of the body
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| paraplegia | paralysis of lower extremities and trunk due to spinal chord injuries
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| quadriplegia | paralysis of all four extremities and trunk of body cause by injury to spine at cervical vertebrae
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| cerebrovascular accident (CVA) | involves death of a specific portion of brain tissue resulting from a decrease in blood flow (ischemia) to that area of brain aka stroke
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| causes of CVA or stroke | cerebral hemorrhage, thrombosis and embolism
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| encephalitis | inflammation of the brain cause by a virus that enter the CNS - measles, mumps or mosquito or tick bite
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| meningitis (acute bacterial) | serious bacterial infection of meninges which covers the brain and spinal chord - can be treated with antibiotic therapy
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| Parkinson's disease | degenerative, slowly progressive deterioration of nerves in the brain stem's motor system. systems are motor dysfunction, autonomic system dysfunction, mental and emotional dysfunction. occurs in late 30's/40's
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| thrombosis | clots in arteries
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| embolus | detached clot in circulatory system
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| cerebral hemorrorhage | due to hypertension
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| grand mal seizure | epileptic seizure characterized by sudden loss of consciousness and involuntary muscular contraction, proceeded by aura (flashing lights), vacillates between rigid body and alternating contracting and relaxing of muscles. aka tonic-clonic seizure
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| petit mal seizure | aka absence seizures - last only a few seconds - sudden temporary loss of consciousness
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| cephalagia | headache
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| multiple sclerosis (MS) | degenerative inflammatory disease of the CNS attacking the myelin sheath of spinal chord and brain
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