ch. 12 terms
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| Basic industries | Industries that sell their products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
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| Business services | Services that primarily meet the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
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| central business district | The area of a city where retail and office activities are clustered.
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| central place | A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
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| central place theory | A distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller ones and provide services for a larger # of people who are willing to travel farther.
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| city-stare | A sovereignty state comprising a city and its immediate hinterland.
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| clustered rural settlement | A rural settlement in which the houses and farm buildings of each family are close to each other and fields surround the settlement.
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| Consumer services | Businesses that provide services primarily to individual consumers, including retail services and education, health, and leisure services.
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| Dispersed rural settlement | A rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages.
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| economic base | A communities collection of basic industries.
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| enclosure movement | A process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of large farms in England during the eighteenth century.
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| gravity model | A model that holds the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service.
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| Market area (or hinterland) | The area surrounding a central place, from which people are attracted to use the place's goods and services.
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| Nonbasic industries | Industries that sell their products primarily to consumers in the community.
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| Primate City | The largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second -ranking settlement.
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| Primate city rule | A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second ranking settlement.
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| Public services | Services offered by government to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses.
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| Range (of a service) | The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
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| Rank-size rule | A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement.
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| Service | Any activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it.
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| Settlement | A permanent collection of building and inhabitants.
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| Threshold | The minimum number of people needed to support the service.
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