Laboratory Animals and Exotics
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| Ecydysis | When reptiles shed their skin.
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| Chromatophores | specialized pigment-containing cells in the integument that allow for changing of skin color and pattern.
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| Coelom | The visceral cavity of reptiles.
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| Carapace | The dorsal shell of chelonians.
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| Plastron | The ventral shell of chelonians.
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| tomia | Keratinized beaks to acquire and tear food
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| Oviparous | egg laying
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| vivparous | live bearing
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| Columella | single bone in the middle ear
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| tail autonomy | defensive mechanism that lizards use where they drop their tail when pursued.
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| Salmonella | zoonotic disease that can be transmitted by reptiles
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| ICe | intracoelomic
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| vagal response | induces a short-term, trance-like state, allowing time to take radiographs and in some cases even draw blood.
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| Microtainers | blood collection tubes used for reptiles
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| Cloacal washes | used to collect feces for laboratory analysis.
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| Dysecdysis | when reptiles have problems shedding their skin
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| Metabolic Bone Disease | the result of long-term dietary deficiency of calcium or vitamin D, a lack of exposure to UV light, and/or a negative dietary calcium-to-phosphorus ratio
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| Hypovitaminosis A | a disorder seen in chelonians when that are fed a diet of vitamin A poor foods such as lettuce and cucumbers; it affect numerous epitelial tissues; most common clinical sign is edema of the eyelids
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| Blepharedema | edema of the eyelids
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| Gout | when there is an increase in uric acid in the bloodstream that results in the deposition of the excess uric acid crystals around the joints, in the SQ space, and in the viscera
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| Why is euthanasia difficult in reptiles? | their veins are hard to find
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| Which "gram" bacteria are considered nonpathogenic in reptiles? | gram-positive
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| What are common ectoparasites for reptiles? | ticks, leeches, and mites
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| In snakes, what is the most accessible vein to draw blood from? | caudal tail vein
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| Chelonians have four sites where blood may be collected. What are they? | radial-humoral plexus, subcarapacial venous sinus, dorsal venous sinus(coccygeal vein), and jugular vein
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| Transtracheal washes may be done to help with the diagnosis of what? | Pneumonia
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| What vein is the most accessible for blood collection? | caudal tail vein
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| What can a technician do to lizards to stimulate the vagal response? | apply finger pressure to eyes or place cotton balls over their eyes
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| What are the normal radiographic views taken of chelonians? | DV, horizontal lateral, and horizontal craniocaudal
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| Do chelonians have a diaphragm? | NO
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| What are the normal radiographic views taken of snakes? | DV, VD, and lateral
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| Why do radiographs of reptiles usually turn out with poor image contrast? | lack of body fat, no separation between abdomen and thorax, and the scales superimposing
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| Which monitoring parameter is not usually assessed during anesthesia on reptiles? | pulse oximetry
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| Which injectable anesthetic inducing drug is more commonly used on reptiles? | propofol
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| Why is it easy to intubate snakes?? | they don't have an epiglottis to get in the way!
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| What is the best catheter site for chelonians? | jugular vein
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| What is the best catheter site for lizards? | ventral and lateral caudal tail vein
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| What is the best catheter site for snakes? | ventral caudal tail vein
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| What is the preferred route to give fluids to reptiles? | ICe-intracoelomic
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| How can you tell that a tortoise is a male? | they will have a concave plastron which helps them to be able to breed
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| What instrument is most commonly used to listen to the heart in reptiles? | doppler
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| In most reptiles, if they have a systemic infection or they are septic, they will show what physical abnormality? | petechiae and ecchymosis
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| What is the main anatomical part of a reptile that we as technicians need to restrain to protect our selves? | head
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| Are turtles oviparous or viviparous? | oviparous
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| Reptiles excrete what three things? | urine, urates, and feces
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| If a nephrotoxic drug was given to a turtle in the hind leg muscle, what could be the problem? | The renal portal system! The kidneys are located more caudally and they have a large amount of vessels that are connected. If a drug is given caudal to the kidneys, the kidneys will pick the drug up first before it can even get to the rest of the body.
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| Which animals shed their skin all at once? | snakes
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| Which animals shed their skin in bits and pieces? | lizards and chelonians
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| How many digits do reptiles have on their front and rear limbs? | five on each
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| What function does the forked tongue have for snakes and lizards? | it carries scent particles to the vomeronasal organ, aka-Jacobson's organ and it is connected to the oral cavity.
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| Ectothermic | reptiles get most of their body heat from outside heat sources
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