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Ben Kean lecture 1

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Question
Answer
What is a trophozoite?   A motile stage that normally reproduces asexually  
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What is a cyst?   A non-motile more resistant stage  
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What is a sporozoite?   An infective stage produced in a oocyte  
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What are the principle malaria species?   Plasmodium, Falciparum, Vivax and Malaria  
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Where do the malaria sporozoites go 1st?   They go to liver and reproduce via asexual reproduction called schizogeny  
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What is the liver malrai stage alled?   It is asymptomatic and results in daughter protozoa called merozoites  
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Where do the merozoites in liver go after they are ruptured?   They invade the RBCs and asexually reproduce  
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What is malria stained with?   Giemsa, Wrights and Romankasky dyes  
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What color is the cytoplams and nucleus of malaira   Cyto-blue nucleus red  
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What fruit does malaria look like in thick and thin film?   Banana  
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What kind of fever does falciparum have?   Contiunous, irregular spikes  
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What kind of fever does vivax have?   48 hrs, tertian malaria  
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What kind of fever does ovale have?   48 hrs, tertian  
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What kind of fever does malariae have?   Quarten  
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What are the most common symptoms of malaria?   Fevers and chills, headaches, myalgias, nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, malaria fever  
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What cause the most severe malaria?   P. Falciparum  
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How does the shape of p.vivax differ from p.falciparum?   vivax has more of an amoiboid shape  
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What are teh schuffners dots related to?   These are small dots in the cytoplasm  
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Why does P vivax require primaquine for treatment?   It establishes hypnozoites in the liver  
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Which is the malaria outside of africa?   P. Ovale  
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Who are most susceptible to toxo?   Pregnant women and immuno  
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How do you get get toxo?   Ingestion of bradyzoites in infected meat, from oocyte contaminated unwashed vegetables or pussy cats  
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Are toxoplasma ooctyes immediately infecious?   No  
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Whats the risk for maternal fetal transmission in toxo?   25% in 1st trimester, 65% in 3rd  
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What severe fetal disease may the baby get in toxo?   Hydrocephales, mental retardation, erebral calcifications  
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How do you look for toxo?   brain  
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What are teh ways to diagnose toxo?   1)Serological 2)Direct identification of blood 3)PBS  
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What are teh clinical manifestations?   1)Asymptomatic adenopathy 2)Mono like 3)Chorioretinitis 4)Encephalitis 5)Myocarditis 6)PCP like  
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At what CD4 count do you see PCP?   <200  
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What are teh classic findings of PCP?   Nonproductive cough, dyspnea, fever  
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What does PCP look like on CXR?   Diffuse bilateral  
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Do you use thick or thin film?   Thick for yes/no, thin for diagnosing.  
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