Duke PA Everything Geriatrics II
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| an opacity of the lens due to proteins reducing visual acuity | cataracts
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| incidence of cataracts | 92% of people over the age of 75, F>M
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| risk factors for cataracts | aging, smoking, chronic steroid use, exposure to UV light, atopic dermatitis, diabetes
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| symptoms of cataracts | progressive decrease in visual acuity with out pain, second sight-temporary improvement in presbyopia, glare increased with bright lights
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| PE findings with cataracts | opacity is teh black or grayish silhouette against red reflex. complete cataract is seen as a whitish blue clouding through pupil
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| incidence of glaucoma | affects 2.5 million americans-80,000 legally blind
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| risk factors for glaucoma | over the age of 40, AA, Mexican americans over the age of 60
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| most common form of glaucoma | open angle
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| leading cause of blindness | open angle glaucoma
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| prevention of glaucoma | annual screening of IOP and visual fields
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| treatment for open angle glaucoma | beta blockers, miotics(pilocarpine), prostaglandin agonist (xalatan), carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (trusopt, diamox)
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| which glaucoma is an ocular emergency | acute angle closure glaucoma
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| S&S of acute angle closure glaucoma | IOP>21mm Hg, conjunctiva injected, mid-dilated non-reactive pupil, shallow chamber, blurred vision, halos, ocular pain, N/V
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| treatment for acute angle-closure glaucoma | lie supine, medical emergency (911), laser peripheral iridotomy after IOP controlled
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| __ causes progressive loss of central vision | macular degeneration
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| leading cause of vision loss in adults >65 | macular degeneration
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| three types of macular degeneration | dry (atrophic 90%), drusen, wet (exudative)
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| risk factors for macular degeneration | smoking, fam hx, cardiovascular dz, obesity and inactivity
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| loss of central vision, straight lines appear blurry, wavy or with missing segments, decreased visual acuity and fields, Amsler grid seen with broken or wavy lines | Macular degeneration
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| treatment for dry macular degeneration | no known treatment
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| treatment for wet macular degeneration | screen with Amsler grid periodically, laser photocoagulation may prevent further visual loss in 50% of cases
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| treatment for sudden hearing loss | refer to otolaryngologist ASAP, recovery depends on early diagnosis and treatment
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| Weber lateralizes to better ear in __ hearing loss | sensorineural
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