Herzing anatomy
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| Anatomy | Studies the shape and structure of an organism's body and the relationship of one body part to another.
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| Biology | The study of all forms of life.
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| Physiology | Studies the function of each body part and how the functions of the various body parts coordinate to form a complete living organism.
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| Disease | Any abnormal change in a structure or function that produces symptoms.
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| Gross anatomy | The study of large and easily observable structures on an organism
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| Microscopic anatomy | The use of microscopes to enable one to see the minute details of organ parts. Divided into 2 branches- Cytology and Histology
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| Cytology | The study of the structure, function and development of cells that comprise the different body parts.
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| Histology | Studies the tissues and organs that make up the entire body of an organism.
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| Developmental anatomy | Studies the growth and development of an organism during its lifetime.
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| Embryology | Studies the formation of an organism from fertilized egg to birth.
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| Comparative anatomy | The study of human and other animals body parts in regard to similarities and differences from in the animal kingdom.
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| Systematic anatomy | The study of the structure of various organs or parts that comprise a particular organ system.
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| Dermatology | Study of integumentary system (skin, hair and nails)
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| Endocrinology | Study of the endocrine or hormonal system.
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| Neurology | Study of the nervous system.
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| Anterior or Ventral | Front or in front of- examples- the knees are located on the anterior surface of the human body. The ventral hernia may protrude from the front or belly of the abdomen.
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| Cephalic | Refers to direction- example-means "skull" or "head end" of the body.
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| Caudal | Refers to direction- example- Means "tail end." Caudal anesthesia is injected in the lower spine.
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| Superior | "Upper" or above another. Example- the heart and lungs are situated superior to the diaphragm.
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| Inferior | "Lower" or below another. Example- The intestines are inferior to the diaphragm.
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| Medial | Toward the midline or median plane of the body. Example- the nose is medial to the eyes.
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| Lateral | Away or toward the side of the body. Example- the ears are lateral to the nose.
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| Proximal | Toward the point of attachment to the body or toward the trunk of the body. Example- The wrist is proximal to the hand. Used primarily to describe the appendages or extremities.
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| Posterior or dorsal | "Back or in back of." Example- Human shoulder blades are found on the posterior surface of the body.
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| Distal | "Away from the point of attachment or origin" or "farthest from the trunk." Example-The elbow is distal to the shoulder. Used primarily to describe the appendages or extremities.
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| Superficial | "On or near the surface of the body." Example-A superficial wound involves and injury to the outer skin.
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| Deep injury | Refers to a deep injury involves damage to an internal organ such as the stomach.
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| Internal and External | Specifically used to refer to body cavities and hollow organs.
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| Sagittal plane | Divides the body into left and right parts.
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| Midsaggittal plane | Starts in the middle of the skull and proceeded down, bisecting the sternum and the vertebral column, the body would be divided equally into right and left halves.
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| Coronal (frontal) plane | A vertical cut at right angles to the sagittal plane, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions.
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| Transverse plane | A horizontal cut that divides the body into upper and lower portions.
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| Abdominopelvic cavity | One large cavity with no separation between the abdomen and pelvis.
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| Abdominal cavity | Contains the stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, small intestine, appendix and part of the large intestine.
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| Pelvic cavity | The urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum and remainder of the large intestine.
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| Umbilical | Located around the navel.
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| Tissue | Special cells- grouped according to function, shape, size and structure.
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| Organ system | Organs function interdependently with one another to form a live, functioning organism. Some are grouped together because more than one is needed to perform a function.
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| Dorsal cavity | Contains the brain and spinal cord
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| Cranial cavity | The brain
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| Spinal cavity | Spinal cord
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| Thoracic cavity | Between the lungs and extends from the sternum (breastbone) to the vertebrae of the back. Contains the esophagus, bronchi, lungs, trachea, thymus gland, and heart.
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| Hypogastric | Referred to the pubic area.
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| Orbital cavity | The eyes, eyeball muscles, optic nerves, and lacrimal (tear) ducts.
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| Nasal cavity | Parts that form the nose.
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| Oral cavity or Buccal cavity | The teeth and tongue.
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| Acid | Chemical compound that ionizes to form hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous solution.
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| Amino acid | Small molecular units that make up protein molecules.
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| Base | Chemical compound yielding hydroxyl ions (OH-) in an aqueous solution, which will react with acid to form a salt and water.
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| Buffer | A compound that maintains the chemical balance in a living organism.
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| Carbohydrate | An organic compound of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen as sugar or starch.
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| Cholesterol | A steroid normally synthesized in the liver and also ingested in egg yolks, animal fats and tissues.
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| Compound | Elements combined in definite proportion by weight to form a new substance.
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| Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | A nucleic acid containing the elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus; genetic material.
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| Electrolyte | Electrically charged particles that help determine fluid and acid-base balance.
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| Element | Made up of like atoms; substance that can neither be created nor destroyed.
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| Electron | A subatomic particle of an atom that is arranged around the nucleus in orbital zones or electron shells. An electron has a negative (-) charge.
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| Enzyme | Organic catalysts that initiate and accelerate a chemical reaction.
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| Ion | An electrically charged atom.
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| Isotope | Atoms of a specific element that have the same number of protons by a different number of neutrons.
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| Matter | Anything that has weight and occupies space.
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| Molecule | The smallest unit of a compound that still has the properties of the compound.
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| Neutron | A subatomic particle of an atom that, with a proton, makes up the nucleus of the atom; a neutron has no electric charge.
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| Organic compound | Found in living things and the products they make. They contain the element carbon, combined with hydrogen and other elements.
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| pH scale | Measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
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| Protein | An organic compound containing the elements of carbon; hydrogen; oxygen; nitrogen; and most times, phosphorus and sulfur. Protein is necessary to build and repair body tissue.
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| Proton | A subatomic particle of an atom; with neutrons it makes up the nucleus of the atom. The proton has a positive (+) charge.
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| Ribonucleic acid (RNA) | Type of nucleic acid. Contains ribose sugar.
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| Salt | Compound formed when a negative ion of acid combines with a positive ion of a base.
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| Steroid | Lipids or fats that contain cholesterol.
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| Active transport | Process by which solute molecules are transported across a membrane against a concentration gradient, from an area of low concentration to one of high concentration.
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| Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | Chemical compound consisting of one molecule of adenine, one of ribose, and three of phosphoric acid. This is the high-energy fuel a cell requires to function.
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| Atrophy | Wasting away of tissue.
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| Benign | Nonmalignant (non cancerous).
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| Cancer | The presence of a malignant tumor, which may affect all body parts.
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| Cell membrane | Structure that encloses the cell; also known as plasma membrane.
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| Chromosome | Nuclear material that determines hereditary characteristics.
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| Cytoplasm | Protoplasm of the cell body, excluding the nucleus.
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| Diffusion | Molecules move from higher concentration to lower concentration
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| Endoplasmic reticulum | Transport system of a cell; can be smooth or rough.
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| Filtration | Movement of water and particles across a semipermeable membrane by a mechanical force such as blood pressure.
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| Golgi apparatus | A membranous network that resembles a stack of pancakes; it stores and packages secretions to be secreted by the cell.
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| Hypertonic solution | A solution in which water molecules are moving out of a cell, causing it to shrink.
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| Hypotonic solution | A solution in which water molecules are moving into a cell, causing it to swell.
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| Interphase | The resting phase in the process of mitosis.
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| Isotonic solution | A solution in which movement of water molecules into and out of a cell is the same.
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| Lysosome | Cytoplasmic organelle containing digestive enzymes.
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| Meiosis | Cell division of gametes or cells; reduces the number of chromosomes.
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| Metaphase | Phase 3 in the process of mitosis; nuclear membrane disappears.
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| Mitochondria | Organelle that supplies energy to the cell.
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| Mitosis | Cell division involving two distinct processes: (1) Mitosis, the exact duplication of the nucleus to form two identical nuclei; and (2) cytoplasmic division. After nuclear division, to cytoplasm is divided into two approximately equal parts.
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| Nuclear membrane | Double-layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
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| Nucleolus | Small spherical structure within the cell nucleus.
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| Nucleus | Core or center of a cell containing large quantities of DNA; also
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| Organelle | Microscopic structure within the cell having a special function or capacity.
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| Osmosis | Passage of fluid through a membrane
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| Passive transport | The process of moving materials across a cell membrane without using energy, such as diffusion, osmosis, or filtration.
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| Phagocytosis | Ingestion of foreign or other particles by certain cells.
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| Pinocytosis | Process of engulfing large molecules in solution and taking them into the cell.
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| Prophase | Phase 2 in the process of mitosis.
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| Replication | Occurs when a exact copy of each nuclear chromosome is made during the early part of the first stage of mitosis (early interphase)
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| Ribosome | Submicroscopic particle attached to endoplasmic reticulum; site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm of a cell.
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| Solute | Dissolved substance in a solution.
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| Telophase | The final stage in the mitosis process. Chromosomes migrate to the opposite poles of the cell. Uncoil to become loosely arranged chromatin granules.
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| Adipose tissue | Stores lipid (fat), acts as filler tissue, and cushions, supports, and insulates the body. Loose connective tissue composed of saclike adipose cells.
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| Aponeurosis | Connective tissue- they are flat, wide bands of tissue that hold on muscle to another or to the periosteum (bone covering).
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| Areolar tissue |
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Created by:
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