Veterinary Medical Terminology Chapter 8
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| cardiovascular | pertaining to the heart and blood vessels
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| cardi/o | heart
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| mediastinum | contains the large blood vessels, trachea, esophagus, lymph nodes, and other structures
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| pericardium | double-walled membrane that surrounds the heart
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| pericardial fluid | fluid within the pericardial space that prevents friction between the heart and pericardium membrane when the heart beats
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| epi- | upper
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| epicardium | external layer of the heart
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| myocardium | middle layer of the heart-thickest-actual heart muscle
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| endocardium | inner layer of the heart
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| endo- | within
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| coron/o | crown
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| ischemia | deficiency in blood supply to an area
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| necrosis | tissue death
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| atri/o | atria
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| septum | separating wall or partition
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| ventricles | caudoventral chambers of the heart
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| interventricular septum | wall that separates the ventricles
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| apex | narrow tip of the heart
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| valve | membranous fold in the heart such as the mitral valve
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| valv/o or valvul/o | valve
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| arrhythmia | abnormal rhythm
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| dysrhythmia | abnormal rhythm
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| systole | means contraction
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| diastole | means expansion
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| auscultation | act of listening to a body sound using a stethoscope
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| stetho- | chest
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| -scope | instrument to visually examine or monitor
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| pan- | all
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| heart murmur | abnormal sound associated with the turbulent flow of blood
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| stenosis | narrowing
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| angi/o or vas/o | vessel
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| artery | blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
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| arteri/o | artery
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| aorta | main trunk of the arterial system that begins from the left ventricle of the heart
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| arterioles | smaller brances of arteries
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| arter/i | vessel that carries blood away from the heart
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| -ole | small
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| perfusion | blood flow through tissues
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| capillary refill time, CRT | indicator of blood perfusion; apply pressure to mm and pink color should return to pink by 2 seconds or less
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| veins | returns blood to the heart
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| ven/o or phleb/o | vein
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| blood pressure | tension exerted by blood on the arterial walls
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| pulse | rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery produced by pressure
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| sphygmomanometer | measure blood pressure by measuring the amount of pressure exerted against the walls of the vessels
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| sphygm/o | pulse
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| man/o | pressure
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| -meter | device
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| tensi/o | pressure or tension and is used when describing blood pressure
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| ech/o | sound
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| ather/o | plaque or fatty substance
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| plaque | patch or raised area
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| cardiomegaly | heart enlargement
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| congestion | accumulation of fluid
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| edema | accumulation of fluid in intercellular spaces
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| ascites | fluid accumulation in the pertoneal cavity
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| pulmon/o | lung
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| dirofilariosis | heartworm infection
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| prophylaxis | prevention
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| hematoma | collection of blood
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| hypoxia | below normal levels of oxygne
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| BP | blood pressure
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| CRT | capillary refill time
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| CHF | congestive heart failure
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| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation
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| HR | heartrate
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| MM | mucous membrane
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| idiopathic | unknown cause
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| iatrogenic | produced by treatment
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| What are the two divisions of the circulatory system? | systemic and pulmonary
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| What is systemic circulation? | blood flow to all parts of the body except the lungs
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| What is pulmonary circulation? | blood flow out of the heart through the lungs and back to the heart
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| What is another name for the mitral valve? | bicuspid
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| What is another name for the right atrioventricular valve? | tricuspid
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| Which valve controls the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle? | tricuspid or right atrioventricular
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| Which valve controls the opening between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and controls blood entering the lungs? | pulmonary semilunar
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| Which valve controls the opening between the left atrium and left ventricle? | mitral or left atrioventricular valve
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| Which valve controls the opening between the left ventricle and the aorta and controls blood entering the arterial system? | aortic semilunar valve or aortic valve
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| Where is the sinoatrial node found? | in the wall of the right atrium near the entrance of the superior vena cava
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| What is the purpose of the sinoatrial node? | establishes the basic rhythm of the heart and is sometimes called the pacemaker
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| What is the instrument called used to listen to body sounds? | stethoscope
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| What can cause regurgitation in the cardiovascular system? | heart valves not closing correctly
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