Concepts
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| Prescriptive ritual | A ritual that a deity or religious authority requires to be performed
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| Situational ritual | A ritual that arises as needed, frequently in times of crisis.
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| Occasional ritual | A ritual that is performed when a particular need arises.
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| Technological ritual | A ritual that attempts to influence or control nature, especially in those situations that affect human activities and well-being.
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| Protective ritual | A ritual that is performed at the start of, or during, a dangerous activity to protect the participants or to protect the community against disaster.
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| Ideological rituals | A ritual that delineates codes of proper behavior, promotes community solidarity, articulates the community's worldview, and assists the community in managing crises.
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| Rites of Passage | Move from one social status to another ; Different forms include birth, coming of age, marriage, death
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| Altered State of Conscience | Transcendental experience, mystical experience = same thing (for most part)
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| Universal Characteristics of Altered State of Conscience | 1. Unity = most important
2. Transcendence of time/space
3. Deeply felt positive mood
4. Sense of Sacredness
5. Objectivity / Reality
6. Paradoxicality
7. Alleged Ineffability
8. Transciency
9. Persisting Positive Changes in Attitudes / Behavior
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| Religious Specialists | Shamans and Priests
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| Shamans | Has a calling w/ spirit world
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| Shaman's Role in Society | - Healer, keeper of myths, master of spirits
- Individual practitioner
- Doesn't owe obligation to a groups within the society
- Usually considered equal
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| Priest's Role in Society | - Organizes group events - usually rituals
- Uses Authority to bring public in contact w/ the divine
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| Priest | Authority established by religious organization
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