endocrinology review
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| Describe the hypothalamus | bottom half of the diencephalon
influence the thyroid and pituitary glands
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| Describe the hypothalamus | serves as a link between the endocrine and nervous system
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| Describe the pineal gland | shaped like a pinecone
attached to the posterior part of the third ventricle of the brain
secretes meltonin
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| Decribe the thyroid | largest gland
H- shaped
two lobes seperate by an isthmus
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| Describe the pituitary | aka hypophysis
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| Describe the pituitary | pea sized-located at the base of the brain
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| Describe the pituitary | mastergland
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| Describe the pituitary | regulates many body activities
stimulates other glands to secrete hormones
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| Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary | ACTH- adrenal cortex
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| Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary | FSH- ovaries and testes
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| Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary | GH- somatotropin(bones, cartilage,liver,muscle,other tissues
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| Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary | LH-ovaries and testes
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| Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary | PRL- breasts
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| Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary | TSH-thyroid gland
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| 2 hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary and their target organ/tissue | ADH-kidney
Oxytocin-uterus and breasts
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| 3 types of steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex | Glucocorticoids-bosy cells
Mineralocorticoids-kidneys
Sex hormones- female libido
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| 2 hormones secreted by the adrenal medula and their function | Epinephrine
norepinephrine-sympathetic nervous systems
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| what is the function of the endocrine gland | secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream
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| what is the function of the parathyroid glands | increases blood calcium levels
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| where are the adrenal glands located | the superior surface of the kidneys
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| 3 disorders associated with the thyroid gland | Cretinism
Myxedema
Graves disease
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| Signs and symptoms of Cushing syndrome | moonface
hirsutism
fatigue
purple striae
high blood sugar
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| what causes acromegaly | hypersecretion of GH
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| signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes | constant urination
abnormal thirst
unusual hunger
rapid weight loss
irritability
obvious weakness or fatigue
nausea/vomiting
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| signs and symptoms of type 2 diabetes | drowsingness
itching
family history
blurred vision
excessive weight
tingling
easily fatigues
skin infection
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| what is the treatment for type 1 diabetes | insulin
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| abnormal condition of low sodium in the blood | hyponatremia
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| abnormal overgrowth of the entire body | gigantism
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| adnormally low amount of calcium in the blood | hypocalcemia
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| an organ that contains the islets of Langerhans | pancreas
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| balance in the internal environment | homeostasis
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| condition of being abnormally small | drawfism
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| condition of eating abnormally large amount of food | polyphagia
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| excessive accumulation of fat in the body | obesity
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| excessive amount of calcium in the blood | hyercalcemia
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| excessive amount of potassium in the blood | hyperkalemia
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| excessive amount of sugar in the blood | hyperglycemia
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| excessive distribution of body hair | hirsutism
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| excessive secretion | hypersecretion
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| extreme depletion of potassium in the blood | hypokalemia
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| formation of glucose from glycogen | glucogenesis
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| human growth hormone | somatotropin
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| inadequate secretion | hyposecretion
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| incresed formation and secretion of urine | diuresis
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| inner section of the adrenal gland | adrenal medulla
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| lack of development | atrophy
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| marked enlargement and thickening of the bones of the face and jaw | acromegaly
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| mineral salts that carry an electrical charge | electrolytes
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| outer section of the adrenal gland which secrets steroids | adrenal cortex
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| presence of glucose in the urine | glucosuria
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| produced in the adremal medulla:raises blood pressure | norepinephrine
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| protrusion of the eyes | exophthalmos
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| surgical excision of the adrenal gland | adrenalectomy
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| surgical excision of the thyroid gland | thyroidectomy
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| test that measures blood glucose levels after a 12-hour fast | fasting blood glucose
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| test that measures thyroid function | readioactive iodine uptake
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| the study of ductless glands and their secretions | endocrinology
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| thyroid poisoning | thyrotoxic
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| too little sugar in the blood | hypoglycemia
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| tumour of a gland | adenoma
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| underdevelopment of internal secretions of male sex glands | hypogonadism
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| ACTH | adrenalcorticotropic hormone
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| ADH | antidiuretic hormone
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| BMI | body mass index
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| DKA | diabetic ketoacidosis
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| FSH | follicle stimulating hormone
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| GH | growth hormone
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| HRT | hormone replacement therapy
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| K | potassium
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| PRL | prolactin
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| RAUI | radioactive iodine uptake
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| T3 | triiodothyronine
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| T4 | Thyroxine
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| TFT | thyroid function test
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| TSH | thyroid stimulating hormone
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