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endocrinology review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe the hypothalamus | bottom half of the diencephalon influence the thyroid and pituitary glands |
| Describe the hypothalamus | serves as a link between the endocrine and nervous system |
| Describe the pineal gland | shaped like a pinecone attached to the posterior part of the third ventricle of the brain secretes meltonin |
| Decribe the thyroid | largest gland H- shaped two lobes seperate by an isthmus |
| Describe the pituitary | aka hypophysis |
| Describe the pituitary | pea sized-located at the base of the brain |
| Describe the pituitary | mastergland |
| Describe the pituitary | regulates many body activities stimulates other glands to secrete hormones |
| Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary | ACTH- adrenal cortex |
| Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary | FSH- ovaries and testes |
| Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary | GH- somatotropin(bones, cartilage,liver,muscle,other tissues |
| Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary | LH-ovaries and testes |
| Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary | PRL- breasts |
| Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary | TSH-thyroid gland |
| 2 hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary and their target organ/tissue | ADH-kidney Oxytocin-uterus and breasts |
| 3 types of steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex | Glucocorticoids-bosy cells Mineralocorticoids-kidneys Sex hormones- female libido |
| 2 hormones secreted by the adrenal medula and their function | Epinephrine norepinephrine-sympathetic nervous systems |
| what is the function of the endocrine gland | secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream |
| what is the function of the parathyroid glands | increases blood calcium levels |
| where are the adrenal glands located | the superior surface of the kidneys |
| 3 disorders associated with the thyroid gland | Cretinism Myxedema Graves disease |
| Signs and symptoms of Cushing syndrome | moonface hirsutism fatigue purple striae high blood sugar |
| what causes acromegaly | hypersecretion of GH |
| signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes | constant urination abnormal thirst unusual hunger rapid weight loss irritability obvious weakness or fatigue nausea/vomiting |
| signs and symptoms of type 2 diabetes | drowsingness itching family history blurred vision excessive weight tingling easily fatigues skin infection |
| what is the treatment for type 1 diabetes | insulin |
| abnormal condition of low sodium in the blood | hyponatremia |
| abnormal overgrowth of the entire body | gigantism |
| adnormally low amount of calcium in the blood | hypocalcemia |
| an organ that contains the islets of Langerhans | pancreas |
| balance in the internal environment | homeostasis |
| condition of being abnormally small | drawfism |
| condition of eating abnormally large amount of food | polyphagia |
| excessive accumulation of fat in the body | obesity |
| excessive amount of calcium in the blood | hyercalcemia |
| excessive amount of potassium in the blood | hyperkalemia |
| excessive amount of sugar in the blood | hyperglycemia |
| excessive distribution of body hair | hirsutism |
| excessive secretion | hypersecretion |
| extreme depletion of potassium in the blood | hypokalemia |
| formation of glucose from glycogen | glucogenesis |
| human growth hormone | somatotropin |
| inadequate secretion | hyposecretion |
| incresed formation and secretion of urine | diuresis |
| inner section of the adrenal gland | adrenal medulla |
| lack of development | atrophy |
| marked enlargement and thickening of the bones of the face and jaw | acromegaly |
| mineral salts that carry an electrical charge | electrolytes |
| outer section of the adrenal gland which secrets steroids | adrenal cortex |
| presence of glucose in the urine | glucosuria |
| produced in the adremal medulla:raises blood pressure | norepinephrine |
| protrusion of the eyes | exophthalmos |
| surgical excision of the adrenal gland | adrenalectomy |
| surgical excision of the thyroid gland | thyroidectomy |
| test that measures blood glucose levels after a 12-hour fast | fasting blood glucose |
| test that measures thyroid function | readioactive iodine uptake |
| the study of ductless glands and their secretions | endocrinology |
| thyroid poisoning | thyrotoxic |
| too little sugar in the blood | hypoglycemia |
| tumour of a gland | adenoma |
| underdevelopment of internal secretions of male sex glands | hypogonadism |
| ACTH | adrenalcorticotropic hormone |
| ADH | antidiuretic hormone |
| BMI | body mass index |
| DKA | diabetic ketoacidosis |
| FSH | follicle stimulating hormone |
| GH | growth hormone |
| HRT | hormone replacement therapy |
| K | potassium |
| PRL | prolactin |
| RAUI | radioactive iodine uptake |
| T3 | triiodothyronine |
| T4 | Thyroxine |
| TFT | thyroid function test |
| TSH | thyroid stimulating hormone |
Created by:
briunicorns
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