ORIGIN, INSERTION, ACTION BILATERALLY, ACTION UNILATERALLY
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| Sternocleidomastoid | manubrium and medial Clavicle | Mastoid Process, superior nuchal line | rotates,extends and flexes neck
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| biceps brachii | short head: coracoid process of scapulalong head: supraglenoid tubercle | tuberosity of the radius | flexion of elbow, supination of forearm.long head: flexion of humerus
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| Scalenes | Transverse process of cervical vertebrae | Ribs 1 and 2 | Flexes and rotates neck, elevates ribs 1&2
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| Triceps Brachii | Inferior,distal margin of mandible(anterior belly)mastoid notch of long head:infraglenoid tuberclelateral head:posterior surface proximal half of humerus.medial head:posterior surface distal half of humerus. | olecranon process of ulna | extension of elbow.long head: extension of humerus
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| Deltoid | lateral 1/3 of clavicle, lateral acromion and spine of scapula | deltoid tuberosity of humerus | anterior:flexion, horizontal adduction, medial rotation of humerus.middle:abduction of humerus to 90 degrees.posterior-extension, horizontal abduction, lateral rotation of humerus.
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| Pectoralis Major | medial half of clavicle, sternum and cartilages of upper 6 ribs. | greater tubercle of humerus. | all fibers: adduct and medially rotate g/h joint. assist in elevating thorax during forced inhalation.upper fibers:flex and horizontally adduct g/h joint.lower fibers: extend g/h joint
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| Latissimus Dorsi | spinous processes of last six thoracic vertebrae, last 3-4 ribs, thoracolumbaraponeurosis and posterior iliac crest. | crest of lesser tubercle of humerus | extension, medial rotation and adduction of g/h joint.
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| Supraspinatus | supraspinous fossa of scapula | greater tubercle of humerus | abduction of g/h joint.stabilizes head of humerus
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| Infraspinatus | infraspinous fossa of scapula | greater tubercle of humerus | lateral rotation, adduction, extension and horizontal abduction of g/h joint.stabilizes head of humerus.
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| Teres Minor | superior half of lateral border of scapula | greater tubercle of humerus | laterally rotates, adducts, extends and horizontally abducts g/h joint.stabilizes head of humerus.
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| Subscapularis | subscapular fossa of scapula | lesser tubercle of humerus | medially rotates g/h joint.stabilizes head of humerus.
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| Levator Scapula | Transverse processes first thru fourth cervicle vertebrae. | upper region of medial border and superior angle of scapula. | elevation and downward rotation of scapula.laterally flexes head and neck.rotates head and neck to same side.
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| Trapezius | ext. occipital protuberance, med. portion superior nuchal line, ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes C-7 thru T-12 | lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula. | upper fibers:bilat- ext. head & neckunilat- lat. flex head & neck same side, rot. head & neck opp. side, elevate scap, upwardly rot. scap.middle fibers:abduct scap, stabilize scap.lower fibers:depress scap, upwardly rotate scap
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| Rhomboids | maj-spinous processes T-2 to T-5min- spinous processes C-7 &T-1 | maj- med. border of scap from spine of scap to inferior angle.min- upper portion medial border of scap across from spine. | adduct, elevate and downwardly rotate scapwnwardly rotate scap.
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| Pectoralis Minor | 3rd, 4th and 5th ribs | coracoid process of scapula | depresses scap, abducts scapula, tilts scapula anteriorly and assists in forced inhalation.
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| Serratus Anterior | surfaces of upper 8 or 9 ribs | anterior surface of medial border of scapula | abducts scap, depresses scap, holds medial border of scap against ribcage.
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| Quadriceps(Rectus Femoris) | anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) | tibial tuberosity | extends the knee, flexes the hip
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| Quadriceps(Vastus Group) | lateralis-lat. lip linea aspera &gluteal tuberositymedialis-medial lip linea asperaintermedius-anterior and lateral shaft of femur | all - tibial tuberosity | all - extend the knee
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| Hamstrings(Biceps Femoris) | long head-ischial tuberosityshort head- lateral lip of linea aspera | head of fibula | flex knee, lat. rotate flexed knee, extend hip, lat. rotate hip, tilt pelvis posteriorly
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| Hamstrings(Semimembranosus and Semitendinosus) | ischial tuberosity | semimem- post aspect of medial condyle of tibiasemiten- prox. medial shaft of tibia and pes anserinus tendon | both- flex knee, medially rotate flexed knee, extend hip medially rotate hip, tilt pelvis posteriorly.
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| Gastrocnemius | condyles of the femur (posterior surfaces) | calcaneus via calcaneal tendon | flex knee, plantar flex ankle
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| Soleus | soleal line, posterior surface of tibia and proximal, posterior surface of fibula. | calcanues via calcaneal tendon | plantarflexion of the ankle
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| Piriformis | anterior surface of sacrum | greater trochanter | laterally rotates hip, abducts thigh when hip is flexed.
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