Brain Basics - The Neuron
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What is a Neuron? | show 🗑
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| How many neurons are in the body? | show 🗑
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| show | Cell body, Dendrites and Axon
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| show | Nucleus and Cytoplasm
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| show | Dendrites extend from the cell body and receive messages from other neurons
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| show | The myelin sheath is a covering of most axons. It accelerates the transmission of electrical signals along the axon. It is made up of special cells called glia. Glia in the sheath are called oligodendrocytes in the brain and Schwann cells in the PNS
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| show | When neurons receive or send messages, they transmit electrical impulses along their axons which can range in length from a tiny fraction of a centimetre to about a metre or more.
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| What are synapses? | show 🗑
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| What are glia cells? | show 🗑
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| show | When a nerve impulse begins, a reversal in the electrical potential occurs on the cell's membrane as the neuron switches from an internal negative charge to a positive charge state. This change then passes along the axon.
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| show | Nerve impulses involve the opening and closing of ion channels. These are selectively permeable, water filled molecular tunnels that pass through the cell membrane and allow ions to enter or leave the cell.
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| show | After and action potential, a neurotransmitter is diffuses across the synapse to the receiving cell and bind to (often a neuron but could be a muscle or gland cell). These receptors act as on or off switch for the next cell and triggers a response.
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Created by:
TomChin
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