Eicosanoids and related compounds
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| eicosanoids | are 20 carbon derivatives of arachindonic acid, they include prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes
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| arachidonic acid | 20:4 omega 6 fatty acid, must be obtained from diet or synthesized from linoleic acid (18:2 omega 6)
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| prostaglandins | (blank)
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| thromboxanes | (blank)
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| leukotrienes | (blank)
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| phospholipase A2 (PLA2) | enzyme that cleaves arachidonic acid from phospholipids in the plasma membrane for eicosanoid synthesis
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| cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) | enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and thromboxanes, COX-1 is constituitive in most cells--> many effects, COX-2 is inducible in macrophages--> inflamatory response and other effects
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| lipoxygenase | converts arachidonic acid to leukotrienes-->important for bronchial constriction
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| anti-inflammatory steroids | inhibit PLA2
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| NSAIDS | non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs inhibit COX-1 and COX-2
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| COX-2 inhibitors | treat inflammation by blocking COX-2 --> benefit of NSAIDS without stomach complications
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