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Toews - Exam2
Eicosanoids and related compounds
Question | Answer |
---|---|
eicosanoids | are 20 carbon derivatives of arachindonic acid, they include prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes |
arachidonic acid | 20:4 omega 6 fatty acid, must be obtained from diet or synthesized from linoleic acid (18:2 omega 6) |
prostaglandins | (blank) |
thromboxanes | (blank) |
leukotrienes | (blank) |
phospholipase A2 (PLA2) | enzyme that cleaves arachidonic acid from phospholipids in the plasma membrane for eicosanoid synthesis |
cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) | enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and thromboxanes, COX-1 is constituitive in most cells--> many effects, COX-2 is inducible in macrophages--> inflamatory response and other effects |
lipoxygenase | converts arachidonic acid to leukotrienes-->important for bronchial constriction |
anti-inflammatory steroids | inhibit PLA2 |
NSAIDS | non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs inhibit COX-1 and COX-2 |
COX-2 inhibitors | treat inflammation by blocking COX-2 --> benefit of NSAIDS without stomach complications |