Pharmacology Review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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synergism | a combination of two drugs that causes an effect that is greater then the sum of the individual effects of each drug given alone
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inhalation | administration of drugs in gaseous or vapour form through the nose or mouth
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stimulant | agent that excites and promotes activity
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antihypertensive | agent that lowers blood pressure
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hypnotic | agent that produces sleep
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iatrogenic | an effect that is produced as an individual sensitivity to a drug
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side effect | an effect that routinely results from the use of a drug
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parenteral | by injection or intravenous administration
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antibiotic | chemical substance that inhibits or kills foreign organisms
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systemic | circulating through the bloodstream to produce a general effect on the body
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brand name | commercial name for a drug; trade name
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tolerance | drug action in which larger and larger doses must be given to achieve the desired effect
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antihistamine | drug that blocks the action of natural histamines in the body and relieves allergy symptoms
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anticonvulsant | drug that prevents convulsions
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emetic | drug that promotes vomitting
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antidiarrheal | drug used to prevent diarrhea
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anti arrhythmic | drug which helps restore heart rhythm to a regular cycle
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antacid | drug which neutralizes acid in the stomach
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anesthetic | drug which reduces or eliminates sensation
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analgesic | drug which relieves pain
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topical | drugs applied on the skin or mucous membranes
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controlled drugs | drugs defined by federal law to which special rules apply because they are liable to be abused
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oral | drugs given by mouth
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sublinual | drugs given under the tongue
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rectal | drugs inserted via the anus into the rectum
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contraindications | factors in a patients condition that prevents the use of a drug treatment
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narcotic | habit-forming drug that relieves pain
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toxicity | harmful effects of a drug
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anaphylaxis | hypersensitive reaction of the body to a drug or foreign organism
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syringe | instrument for introducing fluids to or withdrawing fluids from the body
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sedative | mildly hypnotic drug that relaxes, without necessarily producing sleep
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transport | movement of a drug across a cell membrane into body cells
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fixed oils | oils, extracted primarily from plants, that do not evaporate
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volatile oils | oils, extracted from plants, that evaporate
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aerosols | particles of medication suspended in air
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ophthalmic | relating to the eye
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vitamin | substances found in foods which are essential for life
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receptor | target substance with which a drug interacts in the body
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cumulative action | the concentration of a drug may increase with each dose, due to the half-life of previous doses
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absorption | the process by which a medication is taken into the body, broken down, and transformed into a form that the body can use
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distribution | the process by which metabolites are transported to various parts of the body
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metabolism | the process of breaking down a drug or other substance into metabolites used by the body
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half-life | the time required by the body to metabolize half the amount of the drug ingested
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additive action | the total effect that two drugs have in combination is equal to the sum of the effects of each
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otic | via the ear
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1/12 | 1 month supply
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1/52 | 1 week supply
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ac, a.c. | before meals
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ASAP | as soon as possible
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bid, b.i.d. | twice daily
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Cap | capsule
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CPS | Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties
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gtt, gtt(s) | drop (s)
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i, ii | 1, 2
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MG | milligram
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mL, ml | millilitre
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npo, n.p.o. | nothing by mouth
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ODB | Ontario Drug Benefit
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OTC | over the counter
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ou | both eyes
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p.c., pc | after meals
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p.o | by mouth or orally
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prn | as needed/required
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q.a.m | every morning
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QD, qd | every day
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q.o.d. | every other day
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q.p.m | every night
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q_h | every # hour
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q.h | every hour
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q.i.d, qid | four times daily
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Rx | prescription
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S.C, Sc, s.c, SQ, Subc, subq, | subcutaneous
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SL, sl | sublingual ( under the tongue)
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stat, STAT | immediately
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ss | one half
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tid, t.i.d | three times daily
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tab | tablet
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Tx | treatment
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ung | ointment
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x3days | times three days
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define drug | chemical substance that affects the mind/body, used in diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of disease, illegal substances
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difference between prescription repeats and prescription renewals | repeats-a continuation of long-term medication
renewals- extension of prescription that have run out
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describe sustained release | cause a delay in the active absorption of the medication
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what can drugs be classified by | function
effects
body system
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name and describe the different effects of drugs | therapeutic action- the purpose for giving the drug
side effects/adverse effects- every drug has potential side effects
allergies- a serious reaction to a drug
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name and describe the classifications of drugs by scope of action | local- when the drug affects the site of application only
systemic- circulate in the bloodstream
cumulative- accumulates faster than it can be metabolized
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name and describe the classifications of drugs by use | therapeutic- taken to relieve symptoms
diagnostic- used to perform diagnostic tests
curative drugs- given to overcome a disease, infection, or other conditions
replacement drugs- taken to "replace" a hormone
prophylactic-given to prevent a condition o
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what are the four names that can be given to a single drug | chemical
generic
trade
botanical
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what are the two methods of dispensing drugs | prescription
over-the-counter
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what is enteric-coating | allows pills to bypass the stomach
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what is a pharmacist | a health professional who is trained in preparing and dispensing drugs
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what is pharacology | the study/description of drugs, their composition, action and effects
a biological science
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what is a pharmacy | a licensed business involved in dispensing drugs
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what are drug errors more likely made | when taken over the phone
transcription
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aa, a.a | affected area
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a.d. | right ear
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app | apply
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a.l, a.s, AS | left ear
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a.u | both ears
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B.M | bowel movement
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c | with
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c | food
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cc | with food (cubic centimeter)
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cf | with food
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cr, crm | cream
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Diss | dissolve
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ex.aq, ex aq | in water
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fl, fld | fluid
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g | gram, give
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h, hr | hour
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h.s, hs | at bedtime
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inj | injection
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instill | instillation
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IV | intravenous
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liq | solution, liquid
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lot. | lotion
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mitte | send or give
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noct | night
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o_2 | both eyes
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od | once daily
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o.d. | right eye
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o.s. | left eye
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p.a | pain
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R | rectal
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supp | suppository
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syr | syrup
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tbsp | tablespoon
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tsp | teaspoon
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top | topical
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tr, tinc, tinct | tincture
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u.d, ud, ut.dict | as directed
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uf | until finished
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vag | vaginally
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w/o | without
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Created by:
tammyadams2009
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