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Pharmacology Review

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Term
Definition
synergism   a combination of two drugs that causes an effect that is greater then the sum of the individual effects of each drug given alone  
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inhalation   administration of drugs in gaseous or vapour form through the nose or mouth  
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stimulant   agent that excites and promotes activity  
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antihypertensive   agent that lowers blood pressure  
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hypnotic   agent that produces sleep  
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iatrogenic   an effect that is produced as an individual sensitivity to a drug  
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side effect   an effect that routinely results from the use of a drug  
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parenteral   by injection or intravenous administration  
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antibiotic   chemical substance that inhibits or kills foreign organisms  
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systemic   circulating through the bloodstream to produce a general effect on the body  
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brand name   commercial name for a drug; trade name  
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tolerance   drug action in which larger and larger doses must be given to achieve the desired effect  
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antihistamine   drug that blocks the action of natural histamines in the body and relieves allergy symptoms  
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anticonvulsant   drug that prevents convulsions  
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emetic   drug that promotes vomitting  
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antidiarrheal   drug used to prevent diarrhea  
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anti arrhythmic   drug which helps restore heart rhythm to a regular cycle  
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antacid   drug which neutralizes acid in the stomach  
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anesthetic   drug which reduces or eliminates sensation  
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analgesic   drug which relieves pain  
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topical   drugs applied on the skin or mucous membranes  
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controlled drugs   drugs defined by federal law to which special rules apply because they are liable to be abused  
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oral   drugs given by mouth  
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sublinual   drugs given under the tongue  
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rectal   drugs inserted via the anus into the rectum  
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contraindications   factors in a patients condition that prevents the use of a drug treatment  
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narcotic   habit-forming drug that relieves pain  
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toxicity   harmful effects of a drug  
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anaphylaxis   hypersensitive reaction of the body to a drug or foreign organism  
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syringe   instrument for introducing fluids to or withdrawing fluids from the body  
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sedative   mildly hypnotic drug that relaxes, without necessarily producing sleep  
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transport   movement of a drug across a cell membrane into body cells  
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fixed oils   oils, extracted primarily from plants, that do not evaporate  
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volatile oils   oils, extracted from plants, that evaporate  
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aerosols   particles of medication suspended in air  
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ophthalmic   relating to the eye  
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vitamin   substances found in foods which are essential for life  
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receptor   target substance with which a drug interacts in the body  
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cumulative action   the concentration of a drug may increase with each dose, due to the half-life of previous doses  
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absorption   the process by which a medication is taken into the body, broken down, and transformed into a form that the body can use  
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distribution   the process by which metabolites are transported to various parts of the body  
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metabolism   the process of breaking down a drug or other substance into metabolites used by the body  
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half-life   the time required by the body to metabolize half the amount of the drug ingested  
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additive action   the total effect that two drugs have in combination is equal to the sum of the effects of each  
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otic   via the ear  
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1/12   1 month supply  
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1/52   1 week supply  
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ac, a.c.   before meals  
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ASAP   as soon as possible  
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bid, b.i.d.   twice daily  
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Cap   capsule  
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CPS   Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties  
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gtt, gtt(s)   drop (s)  
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i, ii   1, 2  
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MG   milligram  
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mL, ml   millilitre  
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npo, n.p.o.   nothing by mouth  
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ODB   Ontario Drug Benefit  
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OTC   over the counter  
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ou   both eyes  
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p.c., pc   after meals  
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p.o   by mouth or orally  
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prn   as needed/required  
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q.a.m   every morning  
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QD, qd   every day  
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q.o.d.   every other day  
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q.p.m   every night  
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q_h   every # hour  
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q.h   every hour  
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q.i.d, qid   four times daily  
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Rx   prescription  
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S.C, Sc, s.c, SQ, Subc, subq,   subcutaneous  
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SL, sl   sublingual ( under the tongue)  
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stat, STAT   immediately  
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ss   one half  
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tid, t.i.d   three times daily  
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tab   tablet  
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Tx   treatment  
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ung   ointment  
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x3days   times three days  
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define drug   chemical substance that affects the mind/body, used in diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of disease, illegal substances  
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difference between prescription repeats and prescription renewals   repeats-a continuation of long-term medication renewals- extension of prescription that have run out  
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describe sustained release   cause a delay in the active absorption of the medication  
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what can drugs be classified by   function effects body system  
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name and describe the different effects of drugs   therapeutic action- the purpose for giving the drug side effects/adverse effects- every drug has potential side effects allergies- a serious reaction to a drug  
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name and describe the classifications of drugs by scope of action   local- when the drug affects the site of application only systemic- circulate in the bloodstream cumulative- accumulates faster than it can be metabolized  
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name and describe the classifications of drugs by use   therapeutic- taken to relieve symptoms diagnostic- used to perform diagnostic tests curative drugs- given to overcome a disease, infection, or other conditions replacement drugs- taken to "replace" a hormone prophylactic-given to prevent a condition o  
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what are the four names that can be given to a single drug   chemical generic trade botanical  
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what are the two methods of dispensing drugs   prescription over-the-counter  
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what is enteric-coating   allows pills to bypass the stomach  
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what is a pharmacist   a health professional who is trained in preparing and dispensing drugs  
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what is pharacology   the study/description of drugs, their composition, action and effects a biological science  
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what is a pharmacy   a licensed business involved in dispensing drugs  
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what are drug errors more likely made   when taken over the phone transcription  
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aa, a.a   affected area  
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a.d.   right ear  
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app   apply  
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a.l, a.s, AS   left ear  
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a.u   both ears  
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B.M   bowel movement  
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c   with  
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c   food  
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cc   with food (cubic centimeter)  
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cf   with food  
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cr, crm   cream  
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Diss   dissolve  
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ex.aq, ex aq   in water  
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fl, fld   fluid  
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g   gram, give  
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h, hr   hour  
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h.s, hs   at bedtime  
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inj   injection  
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instill   instillation  
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IV   intravenous  
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liq   solution, liquid  
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lot.   lotion  
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mitte   send or give  
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noct   night  
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o_2   both eyes  
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od   once daily  
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o.d.   right eye  
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o.s.   left eye  
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p.a   pain  
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R   rectal  
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supp   suppository  
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syr   syrup  
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tbsp   tablespoon  
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tsp   teaspoon  
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top   topical  
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tr, tinc, tinct   tincture  
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u.d, ud, ut.dict   as directed  
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uf   until finished  
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vag   vaginally  
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w/o   without  
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