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Orange Module
Pharmacology Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| synergism | a combination of two drugs that causes an effect that is greater then the sum of the individual effects of each drug given alone |
| inhalation | administration of drugs in gaseous or vapour form through the nose or mouth |
| stimulant | agent that excites and promotes activity |
| antihypertensive | agent that lowers blood pressure |
| hypnotic | agent that produces sleep |
| iatrogenic | an effect that is produced as an individual sensitivity to a drug |
| side effect | an effect that routinely results from the use of a drug |
| parenteral | by injection or intravenous administration |
| antibiotic | chemical substance that inhibits or kills foreign organisms |
| systemic | circulating through the bloodstream to produce a general effect on the body |
| brand name | commercial name for a drug; trade name |
| tolerance | drug action in which larger and larger doses must be given to achieve the desired effect |
| antihistamine | drug that blocks the action of natural histamines in the body and relieves allergy symptoms |
| anticonvulsant | drug that prevents convulsions |
| emetic | drug that promotes vomitting |
| antidiarrheal | drug used to prevent diarrhea |
| anti arrhythmic | drug which helps restore heart rhythm to a regular cycle |
| antacid | drug which neutralizes acid in the stomach |
| anesthetic | drug which reduces or eliminates sensation |
| analgesic | drug which relieves pain |
| topical | drugs applied on the skin or mucous membranes |
| controlled drugs | drugs defined by federal law to which special rules apply because they are liable to be abused |
| oral | drugs given by mouth |
| sublinual | drugs given under the tongue |
| rectal | drugs inserted via the anus into the rectum |
| contraindications | factors in a patients condition that prevents the use of a drug treatment |
| narcotic | habit-forming drug that relieves pain |
| toxicity | harmful effects of a drug |
| anaphylaxis | hypersensitive reaction of the body to a drug or foreign organism |
| syringe | instrument for introducing fluids to or withdrawing fluids from the body |
| sedative | mildly hypnotic drug that relaxes, without necessarily producing sleep |
| transport | movement of a drug across a cell membrane into body cells |
| fixed oils | oils, extracted primarily from plants, that do not evaporate |
| volatile oils | oils, extracted from plants, that evaporate |
| aerosols | particles of medication suspended in air |
| ophthalmic | relating to the eye |
| vitamin | substances found in foods which are essential for life |
| receptor | target substance with which a drug interacts in the body |
| cumulative action | the concentration of a drug may increase with each dose, due to the half-life of previous doses |
| absorption | the process by which a medication is taken into the body, broken down, and transformed into a form that the body can use |
| distribution | the process by which metabolites are transported to various parts of the body |
| metabolism | the process of breaking down a drug or other substance into metabolites used by the body |
| half-life | the time required by the body to metabolize half the amount of the drug ingested |
| additive action | the total effect that two drugs have in combination is equal to the sum of the effects of each |
| otic | via the ear |
| 1/12 | 1 month supply |
| 1/52 | 1 week supply |
| ac, a.c. | before meals |
| ASAP | as soon as possible |
| bid, b.i.d. | twice daily |
| Cap | capsule |
| CPS | Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties |
| gtt, gtt(s) | drop (s) |
| i, ii | 1, 2 |
| MG | milligram |
| mL, ml | millilitre |
| npo, n.p.o. | nothing by mouth |
| ODB | Ontario Drug Benefit |
| OTC | over the counter |
| ou | both eyes |
| p.c., pc | after meals |
| p.o | by mouth or orally |
| prn | as needed/required |
| q.a.m | every morning |
| QD, qd | every day |
| q.o.d. | every other day |
| q.p.m | every night |
| q_h | every # hour |
| q.h | every hour |
| q.i.d, qid | four times daily |
| Rx | prescription |
| S.C, Sc, s.c, SQ, Subc, subq, | subcutaneous |
| SL, sl | sublingual ( under the tongue) |
| stat, STAT | immediately |
| ss | one half |
| tid, t.i.d | three times daily |
| tab | tablet |
| Tx | treatment |
| ung | ointment |
| x3days | times three days |
| define drug | chemical substance that affects the mind/body, used in diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of disease, illegal substances |
| difference between prescription repeats and prescription renewals | repeats-a continuation of long-term medication renewals- extension of prescription that have run out |
| describe sustained release | cause a delay in the active absorption of the medication |
| what can drugs be classified by | function effects body system |
| name and describe the different effects of drugs | therapeutic action- the purpose for giving the drug side effects/adverse effects- every drug has potential side effects allergies- a serious reaction to a drug |
| name and describe the classifications of drugs by scope of action | local- when the drug affects the site of application only systemic- circulate in the bloodstream cumulative- accumulates faster than it can be metabolized |
| name and describe the classifications of drugs by use | therapeutic- taken to relieve symptoms diagnostic- used to perform diagnostic tests curative drugs- given to overcome a disease, infection, or other conditions replacement drugs- taken to "replace" a hormone prophylactic-given to prevent a condition o |
| what are the four names that can be given to a single drug | chemical generic trade botanical |
| what are the two methods of dispensing drugs | prescription over-the-counter |
| what is enteric-coating | allows pills to bypass the stomach |
| what is a pharmacist | a health professional who is trained in preparing and dispensing drugs |
| what is pharacology | the study/description of drugs, their composition, action and effects a biological science |
| what is a pharmacy | a licensed business involved in dispensing drugs |
| what are drug errors more likely made | when taken over the phone transcription |
| aa, a.a | affected area |
| a.d. | right ear |
| app | apply |
| a.l, a.s, AS | left ear |
| a.u | both ears |
| B.M | bowel movement |
| c | with |
| c | food |
| cc | with food (cubic centimeter) |
| cf | with food |
| cr, crm | cream |
| Diss | dissolve |
| ex.aq, ex aq | in water |
| fl, fld | fluid |
| g | gram, give |
| h, hr | hour |
| h.s, hs | at bedtime |
| inj | injection |
| instill | instillation |
| IV | intravenous |
| liq | solution, liquid |
| lot. | lotion |
| mitte | send or give |
| noct | night |
| o_2 | both eyes |
| od | once daily |
| o.d. | right eye |
| o.s. | left eye |
| p.a | pain |
| R | rectal |
| supp | suppository |
| syr | syrup |
| tbsp | tablespoon |
| tsp | teaspoon |
| top | topical |
| tr, tinc, tinct | tincture |
| u.d, ud, ut.dict | as directed |
| uf | until finished |
| vag | vaginally |
| w/o | without |
Created by:
tammyadams2009
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