Review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
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| edema | abnormal accumulation of fluid within tissue spaces
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| adhesion | abnormal fibrous band that holds or binds together tissues that are normally separated
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| mycosis | any fungal infection in or on the body
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| excisional | biopsy in which the entire lesion is removed
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| incisional | biopsy in which only a small sample of the lesion is removed
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| inflammation | body defense against injury, infection, or allergy marked by redness, swelling, heat, pain and sometimes loss of function
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| organelle | cellular structure that provides a specialized function, such as the nucleus (reproduction), robosomes (protein synthesis), Golgi apparatus (removal of material from the cell), and lysosomes (digestion)
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| positron emission tomography (PET) | Computed tomography records the positrons (positive charged particles) emitted from a radiopharmaceutical to produce a cross-sectional image of metabolic activity of body tissues to determine the presence of disease
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| gangrene | death and decay of soft tissue, usually caused by circulatory obstruction, trauma or infection
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| infusion therapy | delivery of fluids directly into the blood stream via a vein for treating various disorders; also called IV therapy
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| cauterize | destruction of tissue by electricity, freezing, heat or corrosive materials
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| inspection | general observation of the patient as a whole progressing to specific body areas
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| palpation | gentle application of the hands to a specific structure or body area to determine size, consistency, texture, symmetry, and tenderness of underlying structures
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| (US) ultrasound/ ultrasonography | High-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) are directed at soft tissue and reflected as "echoes" to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure; also called ultrasound, sonography, and echo
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| perforation | hole that completely penetrates a structure
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| (CT) computed tomography | imaging technique in which an x-ray emitter rotates around the area to be scanned and a computer measures the intensity of transmitted x-rays from different angles; formerly called computerized axial tomography
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| (I&D) incision and drainage | incision made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from a wound or cavity
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| peritonitis | inflammation of the peritoneum, the serous membrane that surrounds the abdominal cavity and covers its organs
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| blood chemistry analysis | laboratory test, usually performed on serum, to evaluate various substances to determine whether they fall within a normal range
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| auscultation | listening to the heart, bowel and lungs with or without a stethescope to assess the presence and quality of sounds
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| (DNA) deoxyribonucleic acid | molecule that holds genetic information capable of replicating and producing an exact copy whenever the cell divides
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| diaphragm | muscular wall that divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity
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| (CBC) complete blood count | panel of blood tests used as a broad screening test for anemias, infections and other diseases
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| sepsis | pathological state, usually febrile, resulting from the presence of microorganisms or their products in the bloodstream
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| febrile | pertaining to a fever; also called pyretic
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| suppuration | producing or associated with the generation of pus
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| hernia | protrusion of any organ through the structure that normally contains it
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| (SPECT) single-photon emission computed tomography | radiological technique that integrates computed tomography and a radioactive material (tracer) injected into the bloodstream to visualize blood flow to tissues and organs
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| ablation | removal of a part, pathway, or function by surgery, chemical destruction, electrocautery, freezing, or radio frequency
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| (Bx) biopsy | removal of a representative tissue sample from a body site for microscopic examination, usually to establish a diagnosis
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| resection | removal of part or all of a structure, organ, or tissue
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| curettage | scraping of a body cavity with a spoon-shaped instrument called a curette
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| assessment techniques | sequence of procedures designed to evaluate the health status of a patient
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| organ-disease panels | series of blood tests used to evaluate a specific organ (liver panel) or disease (anemia panel)
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| chromatin | structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins
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| rupture | sudden breaking or bursting of a structure or organ
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| metabolism | sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism
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| anastomosis | surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another
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| revision | surgical procedure used to replace or compensate for a previously implanted device or correct an undesirable result or effect of a previous surgery
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| percussion | tapping a structure with the hand or fingers to assess consistency and the presence or absence of fluids within the underlying structure
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| nuclear scan | technique in which a radioactive material (radiopharmaceutical) called a tracer is introduced into the body (inhaled, ingested or injected) and a specialized camera (gamma camera) is used to produce images of organs and structures
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| fluoroscopy | technique in which x-rays are directed through the body to a fluorescent screen that displays internal structures in continuous motion
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| radiography | technique in which x-rays are passed through the body or area and captured on a film to generate an image; also called x-ray
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| (MRI) magnetic resonance imaging | technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field, rather than an x-ray beam, to produce highly detailed, multiplanar, cross-sectional views of soft tissues
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| chromosome | threadlike structures within the nucleus composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that carries hereditary information encoded in genes
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| laser surgery | use of a high intensity laser light beam to remove diseased tissues, stop bleeding blood vessels, or for cosmetic purposes
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| endoscopy | visual examination of a body cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope
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| anteroposterior | AP
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| biopsy | Bx, bx
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| complete blood count | CBC
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| computed tomography | CT
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| deoxyribonucleic acid | DNA
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| diagnosis | Dx
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| incision and drainage | I&D
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| lateral | LAT, lat
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| left lower quadrant | LLQ
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| left upper quadrant | LUQ
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| magnetic resonance imaging | MRI
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| positron emission tomography | PET
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| radio frequency, rheumatoid factor | RF
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| right lower quadrant | RLQ
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| right upper quadrant | RUQ
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| single-photon emission computed tomography | SPECT
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| symptom | Sx
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| treatment | Tx
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| upper and lower | U&L, U/L
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| ultrasound, ultrasonography | US
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