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Body Structures
Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity |
| edema | abnormal accumulation of fluid within tissue spaces |
| adhesion | abnormal fibrous band that holds or binds together tissues that are normally separated |
| mycosis | any fungal infection in or on the body |
| excisional | biopsy in which the entire lesion is removed |
| incisional | biopsy in which only a small sample of the lesion is removed |
| inflammation | body defense against injury, infection, or allergy marked by redness, swelling, heat, pain and sometimes loss of function |
| organelle | cellular structure that provides a specialized function, such as the nucleus (reproduction), robosomes (protein synthesis), Golgi apparatus (removal of material from the cell), and lysosomes (digestion) |
| positron emission tomography (PET) | Computed tomography records the positrons (positive charged particles) emitted from a radiopharmaceutical to produce a cross-sectional image of metabolic activity of body tissues to determine the presence of disease |
| gangrene | death and decay of soft tissue, usually caused by circulatory obstruction, trauma or infection |
| infusion therapy | delivery of fluids directly into the blood stream via a vein for treating various disorders; also called IV therapy |
| cauterize | destruction of tissue by electricity, freezing, heat or corrosive materials |
| inspection | general observation of the patient as a whole progressing to specific body areas |
| palpation | gentle application of the hands to a specific structure or body area to determine size, consistency, texture, symmetry, and tenderness of underlying structures |
| (US) ultrasound/ ultrasonography | High-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) are directed at soft tissue and reflected as "echoes" to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure; also called ultrasound, sonography, and echo |
| perforation | hole that completely penetrates a structure |
| (CT) computed tomography | imaging technique in which an x-ray emitter rotates around the area to be scanned and a computer measures the intensity of transmitted x-rays from different angles; formerly called computerized axial tomography |
| (I&D) incision and drainage | incision made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from a wound or cavity |
| peritonitis | inflammation of the peritoneum, the serous membrane that surrounds the abdominal cavity and covers its organs |
| blood chemistry analysis | laboratory test, usually performed on serum, to evaluate various substances to determine whether they fall within a normal range |
| auscultation | listening to the heart, bowel and lungs with or without a stethescope to assess the presence and quality of sounds |
| (DNA) deoxyribonucleic acid | molecule that holds genetic information capable of replicating and producing an exact copy whenever the cell divides |
| diaphragm | muscular wall that divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity |
| (CBC) complete blood count | panel of blood tests used as a broad screening test for anemias, infections and other diseases |
| sepsis | pathological state, usually febrile, resulting from the presence of microorganisms or their products in the bloodstream |
| febrile | pertaining to a fever; also called pyretic |
| suppuration | producing or associated with the generation of pus |
| hernia | protrusion of any organ through the structure that normally contains it |
| (SPECT) single-photon emission computed tomography | radiological technique that integrates computed tomography and a radioactive material (tracer) injected into the bloodstream to visualize blood flow to tissues and organs |
| ablation | removal of a part, pathway, or function by surgery, chemical destruction, electrocautery, freezing, or radio frequency |
| (Bx) biopsy | removal of a representative tissue sample from a body site for microscopic examination, usually to establish a diagnosis |
| resection | removal of part or all of a structure, organ, or tissue |
| curettage | scraping of a body cavity with a spoon-shaped instrument called a curette |
| assessment techniques | sequence of procedures designed to evaluate the health status of a patient |
| organ-disease panels | series of blood tests used to evaluate a specific organ (liver panel) or disease (anemia panel) |
| chromatin | structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins |
| rupture | sudden breaking or bursting of a structure or organ |
| metabolism | sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism |
| anastomosis | surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another |
| revision | surgical procedure used to replace or compensate for a previously implanted device or correct an undesirable result or effect of a previous surgery |
| percussion | tapping a structure with the hand or fingers to assess consistency and the presence or absence of fluids within the underlying structure |
| nuclear scan | technique in which a radioactive material (radiopharmaceutical) called a tracer is introduced into the body (inhaled, ingested or injected) and a specialized camera (gamma camera) is used to produce images of organs and structures |
| fluoroscopy | technique in which x-rays are directed through the body to a fluorescent screen that displays internal structures in continuous motion |
| radiography | technique in which x-rays are passed through the body or area and captured on a film to generate an image; also called x-ray |
| (MRI) magnetic resonance imaging | technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field, rather than an x-ray beam, to produce highly detailed, multiplanar, cross-sectional views of soft tissues |
| chromosome | threadlike structures within the nucleus composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that carries hereditary information encoded in genes |
| laser surgery | use of a high intensity laser light beam to remove diseased tissues, stop bleeding blood vessels, or for cosmetic purposes |
| endoscopy | visual examination of a body cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope |
| anteroposterior | AP |
| biopsy | Bx, bx |
| complete blood count | CBC |
| computed tomography | CT |
| deoxyribonucleic acid | DNA |
| diagnosis | Dx |
| incision and drainage | I&D |
| lateral | LAT, lat |
| left lower quadrant | LLQ |
| left upper quadrant | LUQ |
| magnetic resonance imaging | MRI |
| positron emission tomography | PET |
| radio frequency, rheumatoid factor | RF |
| right lower quadrant | RLQ |
| right upper quadrant | RUQ |
| single-photon emission computed tomography | SPECT |
| symptom | Sx |
| treatment | Tx |
| upper and lower | U&L, U/L |
| ultrasound, ultrasonography | US |
Created by:
LyndsayShowers
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