All the Unit 4 Vocab (POLITICAL) regardless of the chapter it falls into
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| antecedent boundary | A boundary created before an area is known or populated often drawn with no recognition of the populations living there
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| subsequent boundary | Boundaries created after recognized settlement. They are meant to separate existing cultural groups and may signify an attempt to align the boundaries that exist between nations
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| superimposed boundary | Boundary line drawn in an area ignoring the existing cultural pattern
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| relic boundary | Old political boundaries that no longer exist as International borders but that have left and enduring mark on the local cultural or environmental geography
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| boundary delimitation | In political geography the translation of the written terms of a boundary treaty into an official cartographic representation
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| boundary demarcation | In political geography the actual placing of a political boundary on the landscape by means of barriers, fences, walls, or other markers
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| natural/physical boundary | Political boundary defined and limited by a prominent physical feature in the natural landscape such as a river or the crest Ridges of a mountain range
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| consequent (ethnographic) boundary | A boundary line that coincides with some cultural divide, such as religion or language
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| geometric boundary | straight lines drawn by people
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| City-state | A system of small, City Center states where political organization revolved around the city itself. People not engaged with agriculture lived in the city, while Farmers resided in the surrounding hinterlands
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| Colonialism | The expansion and perpetuation of an Empire
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| Decolonization | A trend in which colonies became independent from the states that colonize them after the United States declared its independence
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| Devolution | the transfer of power from one central gov't to many local/regional gov'ts (Ex: Fall of Soviet Union)
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| EEZ (Exclusive economic zone) | As established in the United Nations convention on the law of the sea, a zone of exploitation extending 200 nautical miles seaward from a coastal state that has exclusive mineral and fishing rights over it
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| Federal state | power is shared between central gov't and state or local gov't (ex. US)
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| Gerrymandering | changing voting boundaries based on race, voting patterns, class, etc (ex. if there's a big population of black voters, they would win seats as they outvote white voters)
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| Microstates | A state or territory that is small in both population and area
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| Nation | Tightly-knit group of individuals sharing a Common Language, ethnicity, religion, and other cultural attributes
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| Nation-state | A state that contains a single nation that is not disputed by anyone inside or outside (ex. Iceland, Japan)
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| nationalism | The ideology that maintains that members of a Nation should be allowed to form their own sovereign state
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| Shatter belt | Regions that are politically fragmented and are often areas of competition between two ideological or two religious realms
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| Sovereignty | An indicator that a particular government has complete control and jurisdiction over a defined area
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| State | A country or the most important spatial scale unit in political geography
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| Stateless ethnic groups | Groups with no state of inhabitance
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| Stateless nation | A nation that has no state to call its own
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| Supranationalism | Term applied to association's created by three or more States for their Mutual benefit and achievement of shared objectives
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| Territoriality | An individual or group attempt to identify and establish control over a defined territory considered partially or wholly and exclusive domain; the behavior associated with the defense of the home territory
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| Unitary state | power held primarily by central gov't without much power given to local gov't (ex: France)
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| Nation-States | Country made up of one nationality (examples: Iceland, Japan)
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| Multi-national States | Countries made up of many nationalities (examples: US, Canada)
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| Stateless Nations | Nationalities without a recognized home country (examples: Kurds, Palestinians)
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| Multi-state Nations | Nationalities that spread among many states (example: Koreans live in North & South Korea plus many in China and the US)
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| Cultural boundary | based on human traits or behaviors, without an official boundary
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| Ethnic cleansing | the process by which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create their own nation or nation-state
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| Ethnic separatism | the movement where an ethnic group within a state seeks to separate itself from the larger political entity
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