This is Unit 3 with Concepts of culture, folk, pop, and language
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Possibilism | the viewpoint that arose as a criticism of environmental determinism, holding that human populations develop their own cultures within constraints set by the environment | show 🗑
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show | a culture trait in the sociological subsystem, which is, the part of a culture that guides how people are expected to interact with each other and how their social institutions are structured |
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Syncretism | show | Romans trying to convert non-Christians into Christians and developing holidays like Easter ETHAN
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Hunter-gatherer | an economic and social system based primarily or exclusively on the hunting of wild animals and the gathering of food, fiber and other materials from uncultivated plants, insects, eggs and so on. | show 🗑
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Ideological Subsystem | the complex of ideas, beliefs, knowledge, and means of their communication that characterize a culture, along with the technological and sociological subsystems | show 🗑
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show | the complex of material objects together with the techniques of their use by means of which people carry out their productive activities and that characterize a culture, along with the ideological and sociological subsystems |
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independent invention | show | pyramids of Egypt and Mayan civilization pyramids HANNAH
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show | introduction of new culture traits, whether ideas, practices, or material objects |
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show | a concept of independent but parallel cultural development advanced by the anthropologist Julian Steward to explain cultural similarities among widely separated peoples existing in similar environments but who could not have benefited from shared experiences borrowed ideas, or diffused technologies |
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show | the process of learning how to operate within a new culture; cultural modification or change that results when one culture group or individual adopts traits of a dominant or host society; cultural development or change through 'borrowing' |
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Assimilation | the adoption of a new culture by a migrant and the abandonment of most aspects of an original culture | show 🗑
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Cultural Adaptation | show | American Indians adapting to listening to modern commodities through the years such as the introduction of jeans, cars, language, and music. NOLAN
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Cultural Autonomy | show | segregation ABIGAIL
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Cultural Convergence | show | The act of countries in Europe interacting with each other leading to the swapping of cultures and overall inclusion of all cultures in areas formally separate NOLAN
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show | Sometimes religious beliefs can clash with popular culture, forcing the faithful members of certain cultures to practice cultural divergence. A good example of this is the Amish culture in the United States. The Amish are a type of Christian religious group. | The Amish keep separation between themselves and other communities KENDALL
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Cultural Core/periphery pattern | show |
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show | MOVE CARD |
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Culture hearth | MOVE CARD | show 🗑
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show | the identity or feeling of belonging to a group. It is part of a person's self-conception and self-perception and is related to nationality, ethnicity, religion, social class, generation, locality or any kind of social group that has its own distinct culture. | I am Filipino HANNAH
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Cultural landscape | show |
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cultural realm | show |
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show | the interaction of different elements of culture. While this is quite different from a social system, sometimes both systems together are referred to as the sociocultural system. | the north and south in the 1800's (pre-civil war) where the south was mostly rural and the act of slavery wasn't shunned. The north shunned Slavery and viewed it as a vile thing also mostly urban NOLAN
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Culture Region | refers to a geographical area with one relatively homogeneous human activity or complex of activities (culture). These are often associated with an ethnolinguistic group and the territory it inhabits. | show 🗑
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Expansion Diffusion | MOVE CARD | show 🗑
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Hierarchical Diffusion | MOVE CARD | show 🗑
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Innovation Adoption Curve | is a model that classifies adopters of innovations into various categories, based on the idea that certain individuals are inevitably more open to adaptation than others. Aka: Multi-step Flow Theory, Diffusion of Innovations Theory. The categories are: Innovators, Early Adopters, Early Majority, Late Majority, Laggards | show 🗑
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Maladaptive Diffusion | show |
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Subsequent Occupancy | notion that successful societies leave their cultural imprints on a place each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape. | show 🗑
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Public Land Survey System | show |
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show | is an architectural style that is designed based on local needs, availability of construction materials and reflecting local traditions. |
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show | s a distinctive area where the inhabitants collectively consider themselves interconnected by a shared history, mutual interests, and a common identity. Such regions are "intellectual inventions" and a form of shorthand to identify things, people, and places. | Tidewater, tri city area KENDALL
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Metes-and-bounds | show |
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Long-Lot System | system implemented in Quebec, Louisiana, Texas or areas of French influence, that divide the land into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or canals | show 🗑
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Heritage Landscape | show | Native American Reservations KENDALL
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Rectangular Survey System | provides for a unit of land approximately 24 miles square, bounded by base lines running east and west, and meridians running north and south. This 24 mile square is divided into areas six miles square called townships. Townships are further divided into 36 sections, each one mile square. | show 🗑
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Transculturation | s a term coined by Cuban anthropologist Fernando Ortiz in 1947 to describe the phenomenon of merging and converging cultures. | show 🗑
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Adaptive Strategies | show |
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show | distinguished by a set of cultural traits like language, beliefs, customs, norms of behavior, social institutions, way of life, artifacts etc; Influences from Britain caused certain styles of housing. British Architecture in America |
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Characteristics | show | religion, language, arts, and social organizations SAMAR
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show | the look of housing, effected by the available materials, the environment the house is in, and the popular culture of the time |
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Built Environment | efers to the man-made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity, ranging in scale from buildings to parks. It has been defined as "the humanitarian-made space in which people live, work, and recreate on a day-to-day basis." | show 🗑
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Folk Culture | show | The banjo & fiddle are traditional instruments in 'folk culture' NATHAN
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Folk Food | show |
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Folk House | traditional housing | show 🗑
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Folk Songs | traditionally sung by the common people of a region and forms part of their culture; typically no skill is required | show 🗑
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Folklore | show |
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show | a settled or regular tendency or practice, especially one that is hard to give up. | brushing your teeth every morning and every night is a habit ABIGAIL
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Taboo | show | In India, cows are extremely sacred and if you eat one it is considered extremely taboo and problematic ETHAN
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show | the complete natural environment in which a particular wine is produced, including factors such as the soil, topography, and climate. |
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Material Culture | efers to the physical objects, resources, and spaces that people use to define their culture. These include homes, neighborhoods, cities, schools, churches, synagogues, temples, mosques, offices, factories and plants, tools, means of production, goods and products, stores, and so forth. | show 🗑
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Nonmaterial Culture | Thoughts or ideas that make up a culture. does not include any physical objects or artifacts. include any ideas, beliefs, values, norms that may help shape society. | show 🗑
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Popular Culture | culture based on the tastes of ordinary people rather than an educated elite | show 🗑
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Survey Systems | systems that are used to collect data | show 🗑
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show | traditional building styles of different cultures, religions, and places |
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show | Group of people in a particular place who see themselves as a collective or Community, who share experiences, customs, and traits and who worked to preserve those traits and customs in order to claim uniqueness and to distinguish themselves from others | the south's teachings of using politeness such as "yes ma'am or no sir" as well as holding the door open which is commonly not done in the north United States
NOLAN
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Custom | The body of traditional practices, usages, and conventions that regulate social life | show 🗑
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Cultural Appropriation | show | bindis, or headdresses HANNAH
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Neolocalism | show | People from China in Chinatown in NYC still celebrate their Chinese culture and holidays, such as the Chinese New Year. ETHAN
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Ethnic Neighborhood | show | Chinatown HANNAH
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Commodification | show | salt was used for money and big deals KENDALL
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Authenticity | show |
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Distance Decay | The declining intensity of a spatial interaction with increasing distance from its point of origin | show 🗑
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Reterritorilization | show | when the Spanish conquered the Aztecs, they eliminated all Aztec symbols AUGUSTINE
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show | Define by geographer Edward Relph as the loss of uniqueness of place in the cultural landscape so that one place looks like the next |
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Global-local Continuum | The notion that would happens at the global scale has a direct effect on what happens at the local scale, and vice versa. This idea posits that the world is comprised of an interconnected series of relationships that extend across face | show 🗑
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Glocalization | The process by which people in a local place mediate and alter Regional, National, and Global processes | show 🗑
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Folk-housing region | show |
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Diffusion Routes | The spatial trajectory through which cultural traits or other phenomena spread | show 🗑
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Creolized Language | A language that began as a pidgin language but was later adopted as the mother tongue by a people in place of the mother tongue | show 🗑
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Backward Reconstruction | The tracking of sound shifts and hardening of consonants backwards towards the original language | show 🗑
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Mutual Intelligibility | The ability of two people to understand each other when speaking | show 🗑
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Geographic Dialect | A language variant marked by vocabulary, grammar, or pronunciation differences from other variants of the same common language. When those variations are spatial or Regional, they are called Geographic dialects. When they are indicative of socio-economic or educational levels, they are called social dialects | show 🗑
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Deep reconstruction | Technique using the vocabulary of an extinct language to recreate the language that preceded the extinct language | show 🗑
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Dialect Chains | show |
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Ebonics | Dialect spoken by some African-Americans | show 🗑
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Extinct Language | A language that was once used by people in daily activities but is no longer used | show 🗑
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Ideograms | show |
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Isogloss | show |
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Isolated Language | show |
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show | A set of sounds, combination of sounds, and symbols that are used for communication |
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show | A collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago. Differences are not as extensive or is old with language families, and archaeological evidence can confirm that the branches derived from the same family |
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show | A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor that existed long before recorded history |
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Language Group | A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary | show 🗑
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show | a smaller group of related languages within a language family |
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show | French, Spanish, Italian, Romanian, and Portuguese that lie in the areas that were once controlled by the Roman Empire but we're not subsequently overwhelmed |
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Germanic Language | English, German, Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish that reflect the expansion of people's out of Northern Europe to the west and south | show 🗑
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show | Russian, polish, Czech, Slovak, Ukrainian, Slovenian, serbo-croatian, and Bulgarian that developed as Slavic people migrated from a base in present-day Ukraine close to 2000 years ago |
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Indo-European Language | show |
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Sino-Tibetan | Language area that spreads through most of Southeast Asia and China and is comprised of Chinese, Burmese, Tibetan, Japanese, and Korean | show 🗑
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show | A large language family found primarily in North Africa and Southwest Asia |
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Niger-Congo | show |
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show | A large language family of over 1,200 tongues spoken primarily in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific |
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show | The process suggested by German linguist August Schleicher whereby new languages or formed when a language breaks into dialects due to a lack of spatial interaction among speakers of the language and continued isolation eventually causes the division of the language into discrete new languages | Spanish and Portuguese is a language that has been broken down into two forms AUGUSTINE
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Language Convergence | show |
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Lingua Franca | show |
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Global Language | The language used most commonly around the world defined on the basis of either the number of speakers of the language, or prevalence of use in Commerce and trade | show 🗑
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Literary Tradition | A language that is written as well as spoken | show 🗑
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Linguistic Diversity | the amount of variation of languages a place has | show 🗑
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Monolingual States | show |
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show | Countries in which more than one language is spoken |
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official language | show | The Official languages of Afghanistan are Pashto and Dari KENDALL
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show | When parts of two or more languages are combined in a simplified structure and vocabulary | Seal Island Creole (Spoken in South Carolinas Sea Islands) Hatian Creole in Louisiana KENDALL
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show | A multilingual state |
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show | The common ancestor of a family of modern languages |
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Sound shift | show |
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Proto-Indo-European | Linguistic hypothesis proposing the existence of an ancestral Indo-European language that is the Hearth of the ancient Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit languages which Hearth would link modern languages from Scandinavia to North Africa and from North America through parts of Asia to Australia | show 🗑
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Nostratic | Language believed to be the ancestral language not only of proto-indo-european, but also of the Kartvelian languages of the Southern Caucasus region, the Uralic-Altaic languages (including Hungarian, Finnish, Turkish, and Mongolian), the dravidian languages of India, and the afro-asiatic language family | show 🗑
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Toponym | Place name | show 🗑
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Trade Language | show | English is a trade language being learned around the world to have the ability to trade with English speaking countries AUGUSTINE
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Standard Language | show |
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Bilingual | show | I speak both English and Spanish AUGUSTINE
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Vernacular | The non-standard indigenous language or dialect of a locality. Of or related to indigenous arts and architecture, such as a house period of or related to the perceptions and understandings of the general population, such as a region | show 🗑
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show | A form of Latin used in Daily conversation by ancient Romans, as opposed to the standard dialect, which was used for official documents |
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Renfrew Hypothesis | show |
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Kurgan Theory | show |
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show | MOVE CARD |
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Culture | A society's Collective beliefs, symbols, values, forms of behavior, and social organizations, together with its tools, structures, and artifacts created according to the group's conditions of Life. Transmitted as a Heritage to succeeding generations and undergoing adoptions, modifications, and changes in the process. A collective term for group displaying uniform characteristics | show 🗑
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