Chapter 1-16
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
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| word root | core of the word, meaning, each term has one or more word root
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| suffix | word part attached to the end of the word root to modify its meaning
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| prefix | word part attached to the beginning of a word root to modify its meaning
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| combining vowel | word part, usually an o, used to ease pronunciation
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| muscle tissue | composed of cells that have a special ability to contract, usually producing movement
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| nervous tissue | found in the nerves, spinal cord, and brain. responsible for coordinating and controlling body activities
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| connective tissue | connects, supports, penetrates, and encases various body structures
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| epithelial tissue | the major covering of the external surface of the body
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| onc/o | tumor, mass
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| rhabd/o | rod-shaped, striated
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| -plasia | condition of formation, development, growth
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| anter/o | front
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| dist/o | away (from point of attachment)
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| medi/o | middle
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| proxim/o | near (the point of attachment)
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| ventr/o | belly (front)
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| -ad | toward
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| lateral | pertaining to a side
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| umbilical cord | around the navel
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| lumbar regions | to the right and left of the umbilical region, near the waist
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| epigastric region | superior to the umbilical region
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| hypochondriac regions | to the right and left of the epigastric region
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| hypogastric region | inferior to the umbilical region
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| lilac regions | to the right and left of the hypogastric region, near the groin
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| right upper quadrant (RUQ) | area encompassing the right lobe of the liver, gallbladder, medial portion of the pancreas, and portions of the small and large intestines
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| left upper quadrant (LUQ) | area encompassing the left lobe of the liver, stomach, the spleen, literal portion of the pancreas, and portions of the small and large intestines
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| right lower quadrant (RLQ) | area encompassing portions of the small and large intestines, the appendix, the right ureter, and the right ovary and uterine tube in woman or right spermatic duct in men
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| left lower quadrant (LLQ) | area encompassing portions of the small and large intestines, the left ureter, and the left ovary and uterine tube in woman or the left spermatic duct in men
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| epidermis | outer layer of skin
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| sebaceous glands | secrete sebum in to the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis
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| nails | originate in the epidermis, ends of fingers and toes, white part is called the lunula
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| onych/o, ungu/o | nail
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| trich/o | hair
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| hidradenitis | inflammation of a sweat gland
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| basal call carcinoma (BCC) | epithelial tumor arising from the epidermis
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| squamous cell carcinoma (SqCCA) | malignant growth that develops from scalelike epithelial tissue
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| staphylococcus (staph) | berry-shaped in grapelike-clusters
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| streptococcus (strep) | berry-shaped in twisted chains
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| nevus | circumscribed malformations of the skin, usually black, brown, or flesh colored. birth mark, mole
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| BCC | basal cell carcinoma
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| pharynx | the throat. serves as a food and air passageway.
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| nas/o, rhin/o | nose
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| pulmon/o | lung
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| urinary system | removes waste material from the body, regulates fluid volume, maintains electrolyte concentration in the body.
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| nephron | urine-producing microscopic structure. 1 million on each kidney
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| ureter/o | ureter
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| hydr/o | water
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| ureterostenosis | narrowing of the ureter
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| prostate gland | encircles a proximal section of the urethra. It secretes a fluid that aids in the movement of the sperm and ejaculation
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| scrotum | sac containing the testes and epididymis, suspended on both sides of and posterior to the penis
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| prepuce | fold of skin covering the glans penis in uncircumcised males
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| priapism | persistent abnormal erection of the penis accompanied by pain and tenderness
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| balanoplasty | surgical repair of the glans penis
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| spermatolysis | dissolution of sperm
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| human papillomavirus (HPV) | sexually transmitted disease caused by viral infection, over 40 types.
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| BPH | benign prostatic hyperplasia
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| PSA | prostate-specific antigen
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| ovaries | pair of almond shaped organs located in the pelvic cavity
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| men/o | menstruation
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| peri- | surrounding (outer)
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| colpitis, vaginitis | inflammation of the vagina
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| hematosalpinx | blood in the uterine tube
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| myometritis | inflammation of the uterine muscle
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| oophoritis | inflammation of the ovary
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| pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) | inflammation of some of all of the female pelvic organs; can be caused by many different pathogens
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| dilation and curettage (D&C) | surgical procedure to widen the cervix and scrape the endometrium with an instrument called a curette.
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| hysteroscopy | visual examination of the uterus
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| PID | pelvic inflammatory disease
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| gamete | mature germ cel, either sperm or ovum
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| fet/o, fet/i | fetus, unborn child
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| nulli- | none
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| -rrhexis | rupture
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| respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) | respiratory complication in the newborn, especially in premature infants
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| heart | consists of two smaller upper chambers, the right atrium and left atrium, and two lower chambers, the right ventricle and the left ventricle.
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| lymph | transparent, colorless, tissue fluid; contains lymphocytes and monocytes and flows in a one way direction to the heart
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| arteriosclerosis | hardening of the arteries
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| arrhythmia, dysarrhythmia | any disturbance or abnormality in the hearts normal rhythmic pattern
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| femoropopliteal bypass | surgery to establish an alternate route from femoral artery to popliteal artery bypass an obstruction
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| RBC | red blood cells
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| WBC | white blood cells
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| diastole | when the ventricles relax and fill with blood between contractions, lower number on reading
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| fibrillation | rapid, quivering, non coordinated contractions of the atria or ventricles
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| systole | when the ventricles contract and eject blood , higher number on reading
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| HHD | hypertensive heart disease
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| duodenum | first 10 to 12 inches of the small intestine
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| jejunum | second portion of the small intestine, approximately 8 feet long
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| ileum | third portion of the small intestine, approximately 11 feet long, which connects with the large intestine
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| abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o | abdomen, abdominal cavity
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| proctoptosis | prolapse of the rectum
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| irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) | periodic disturbance of bowel function, such as diarrhea and or constipation, usually with abdominal pain
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| uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) | surgical repair of the uvula, palpate, and pharynx
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| upper GI (gastrointestinal) series | series of radiographic images taken of the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum after the contrast agent barium has been administered orally
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| dysphagia | difficult swallowing
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| IBS | irritable bowel syndrome
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| UPPP | uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
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| lens | lies directly behind the pupil, function is to bend and focus light
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| lacrimal glands and ducts | produce and drain tears
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| corne/o, kerat/o | cornea
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| trabeculectomy | surgical creation of an opening that allows aqueous humor to drain out of the eye
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| OD, OS, OU | right eye, left eye, and both eyes
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| ossicles | bones of the middle ear that carry sound vibrations. The ossicles are composed of the malleus, incus, and stapes.
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| ear | to hear and provide a sense of balance
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| cochlea | snail-shaped and contains the organ of hearing
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| myringotomy | incision into the tympanic membrane to release pus or fluid and relieve pressure in the middle ear
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| tympanoplasty | surgical repair of the middle ear
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| OM | otitis media
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| AD, AS, AU | right ear, left ear, both ears
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| compact bone | dense, hard layers of bone tissue that lie underneath the periosteum
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| abduction | moving away from the midline
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| adduction | moving toward the midline
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| stern/o | sternum (breastbone)
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| ankyl/o | stiff, bent
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| ankylosis | abnormal condition of stiffness
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| osteoblast | developing bone cell
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| osteocyte | bone cell
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| osteoclast | type of bone cell involved in absorption and removal of bone minerals
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| cerebellum | hindbrain
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| -iatry | treatment, specialty
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| neurasthenia | nerve weakness
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| cerebral palsy | lack of muscle control and partial paralysis
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| transient ischemic attack (TIA) | mini stroke, deficient blood to the brain
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| radicotomy, rhizotomy | incision into the nerve root
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| neurosis | emotional disorder involving ineffective coping with anxiety or inter conflict
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| TIA | transient ischemic attack
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| endocrine system | regulates body activities through the use of chemical messengers called hormone get released in to the bloodstream
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| cortisol | secreted by the adrenal glands it aids the body during stress by increasing glucose to provide energy
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| aldosterone | secreted by the adrenal cortex electrolytes are used for normal body function
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| epinephrine, norepinephrine | secreted by the adrenal medulla, helps the body to deal with stress by increasing bp, heartbeat, and respirations
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| aden/o | gland
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| dips/o | thirst
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| Addison disease | chronic syndrome resulting from a deficiency in the hormonal secretion of the adrenal cortex
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| fasting blood sugar | blood test to determine the amount of glucose in the blood after for fasting for 8-10 hours
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| FBS | fasting blood sugar
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