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Final
Chapter 1-16
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| word root | core of the word, meaning, each term has one or more word root |
| suffix | word part attached to the end of the word root to modify its meaning |
| prefix | word part attached to the beginning of a word root to modify its meaning |
| combining vowel | word part, usually an o, used to ease pronunciation |
| muscle tissue | composed of cells that have a special ability to contract, usually producing movement |
| nervous tissue | found in the nerves, spinal cord, and brain. responsible for coordinating and controlling body activities |
| connective tissue | connects, supports, penetrates, and encases various body structures |
| epithelial tissue | the major covering of the external surface of the body |
| onc/o | tumor, mass |
| rhabd/o | rod-shaped, striated |
| -plasia | condition of formation, development, growth |
| anter/o | front |
| dist/o | away (from point of attachment) |
| medi/o | middle |
| proxim/o | near (the point of attachment) |
| ventr/o | belly (front) |
| -ad | toward |
| lateral | pertaining to a side |
| umbilical cord | around the navel |
| lumbar regions | to the right and left of the umbilical region, near the waist |
| epigastric region | superior to the umbilical region |
| hypochondriac regions | to the right and left of the epigastric region |
| hypogastric region | inferior to the umbilical region |
| lilac regions | to the right and left of the hypogastric region, near the groin |
| right upper quadrant (RUQ) | area encompassing the right lobe of the liver, gallbladder, medial portion of the pancreas, and portions of the small and large intestines |
| left upper quadrant (LUQ) | area encompassing the left lobe of the liver, stomach, the spleen, literal portion of the pancreas, and portions of the small and large intestines |
| right lower quadrant (RLQ) | area encompassing portions of the small and large intestines, the appendix, the right ureter, and the right ovary and uterine tube in woman or right spermatic duct in men |
| left lower quadrant (LLQ) | area encompassing portions of the small and large intestines, the left ureter, and the left ovary and uterine tube in woman or the left spermatic duct in men |
| epidermis | outer layer of skin |
| sebaceous glands | secrete sebum in to the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis |
| nails | originate in the epidermis, ends of fingers and toes, white part is called the lunula |
| onych/o, ungu/o | nail |
| trich/o | hair |
| hidradenitis | inflammation of a sweat gland |
| basal call carcinoma (BCC) | epithelial tumor arising from the epidermis |
| squamous cell carcinoma (SqCCA) | malignant growth that develops from scalelike epithelial tissue |
| staphylococcus (staph) | berry-shaped in grapelike-clusters |
| streptococcus (strep) | berry-shaped in twisted chains |
| nevus | circumscribed malformations of the skin, usually black, brown, or flesh colored. birth mark, mole |
| BCC | basal cell carcinoma |
| pharynx | the throat. serves as a food and air passageway. |
| nas/o, rhin/o | nose |
| pulmon/o | lung |
| urinary system | removes waste material from the body, regulates fluid volume, maintains electrolyte concentration in the body. |
| nephron | urine-producing microscopic structure. 1 million on each kidney |
| ureter/o | ureter |
| hydr/o | water |
| ureterostenosis | narrowing of the ureter |
| prostate gland | encircles a proximal section of the urethra. It secretes a fluid that aids in the movement of the sperm and ejaculation |
| scrotum | sac containing the testes and epididymis, suspended on both sides of and posterior to the penis |
| prepuce | fold of skin covering the glans penis in uncircumcised males |
| priapism | persistent abnormal erection of the penis accompanied by pain and tenderness |
| balanoplasty | surgical repair of the glans penis |
| spermatolysis | dissolution of sperm |
| human papillomavirus (HPV) | sexually transmitted disease caused by viral infection, over 40 types. |
| BPH | benign prostatic hyperplasia |
| PSA | prostate-specific antigen |
| ovaries | pair of almond shaped organs located in the pelvic cavity |
| men/o | menstruation |
| peri- | surrounding (outer) |
| colpitis, vaginitis | inflammation of the vagina |
| hematosalpinx | blood in the uterine tube |
| myometritis | inflammation of the uterine muscle |
| oophoritis | inflammation of the ovary |
| pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) | inflammation of some of all of the female pelvic organs; can be caused by many different pathogens |
| dilation and curettage (D&C) | surgical procedure to widen the cervix and scrape the endometrium with an instrument called a curette. |
| hysteroscopy | visual examination of the uterus |
| PID | pelvic inflammatory disease |
| gamete | mature germ cel, either sperm or ovum |
| fet/o, fet/i | fetus, unborn child |
| nulli- | none |
| -rrhexis | rupture |
| respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) | respiratory complication in the newborn, especially in premature infants |
| heart | consists of two smaller upper chambers, the right atrium and left atrium, and two lower chambers, the right ventricle and the left ventricle. |
| lymph | transparent, colorless, tissue fluid; contains lymphocytes and monocytes and flows in a one way direction to the heart |
| arteriosclerosis | hardening of the arteries |
| arrhythmia, dysarrhythmia | any disturbance or abnormality in the hearts normal rhythmic pattern |
| femoropopliteal bypass | surgery to establish an alternate route from femoral artery to popliteal artery bypass an obstruction |
| RBC | red blood cells |
| WBC | white blood cells |
| diastole | when the ventricles relax and fill with blood between contractions, lower number on reading |
| fibrillation | rapid, quivering, non coordinated contractions of the atria or ventricles |
| systole | when the ventricles contract and eject blood , higher number on reading |
| HHD | hypertensive heart disease |
| duodenum | first 10 to 12 inches of the small intestine |
| jejunum | second portion of the small intestine, approximately 8 feet long |
| ileum | third portion of the small intestine, approximately 11 feet long, which connects with the large intestine |
| abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o | abdomen, abdominal cavity |
| proctoptosis | prolapse of the rectum |
| irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) | periodic disturbance of bowel function, such as diarrhea and or constipation, usually with abdominal pain |
| uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) | surgical repair of the uvula, palpate, and pharynx |
| upper GI (gastrointestinal) series | series of radiographic images taken of the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum after the contrast agent barium has been administered orally |
| dysphagia | difficult swallowing |
| IBS | irritable bowel syndrome |
| UPPP | uvulopalatopharyngoplasty |
| lens | lies directly behind the pupil, function is to bend and focus light |
| lacrimal glands and ducts | produce and drain tears |
| corne/o, kerat/o | cornea |
| trabeculectomy | surgical creation of an opening that allows aqueous humor to drain out of the eye |
| OD, OS, OU | right eye, left eye, and both eyes |
| ossicles | bones of the middle ear that carry sound vibrations. The ossicles are composed of the malleus, incus, and stapes. |
| ear | to hear and provide a sense of balance |
| cochlea | snail-shaped and contains the organ of hearing |
| myringotomy | incision into the tympanic membrane to release pus or fluid and relieve pressure in the middle ear |
| tympanoplasty | surgical repair of the middle ear |
| OM | otitis media |
| AD, AS, AU | right ear, left ear, both ears |
| compact bone | dense, hard layers of bone tissue that lie underneath the periosteum |
| abduction | moving away from the midline |
| adduction | moving toward the midline |
| stern/o | sternum (breastbone) |
| ankyl/o | stiff, bent |
| ankylosis | abnormal condition of stiffness |
| osteoblast | developing bone cell |
| osteocyte | bone cell |
| osteoclast | type of bone cell involved in absorption and removal of bone minerals |
| cerebellum | hindbrain |
| -iatry | treatment, specialty |
| neurasthenia | nerve weakness |
| cerebral palsy | lack of muscle control and partial paralysis |
| transient ischemic attack (TIA) | mini stroke, deficient blood to the brain |
| radicotomy, rhizotomy | incision into the nerve root |
| neurosis | emotional disorder involving ineffective coping with anxiety or inter conflict |
| TIA | transient ischemic attack |
| endocrine system | regulates body activities through the use of chemical messengers called hormone get released in to the bloodstream |
| cortisol | secreted by the adrenal glands it aids the body during stress by increasing glucose to provide energy |
| aldosterone | secreted by the adrenal cortex electrolytes are used for normal body function |
| epinephrine, norepinephrine | secreted by the adrenal medulla, helps the body to deal with stress by increasing bp, heartbeat, and respirations |
| aden/o | gland |
| dips/o | thirst |
| Addison disease | chronic syndrome resulting from a deficiency in the hormonal secretion of the adrenal cortex |
| fasting blood sugar | blood test to determine the amount of glucose in the blood after for fasting for 8-10 hours |
| FBS | fasting blood sugar |
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